Screen Time in Children 2 months - 6 Years Old and Depression in Mothers at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objectives: 1.To study each type of screen time in 2 month – 6-year-old children 2.To examine the relationship between maternal depression and screen time in 2 month – 6-year-old children 3.To examine other factors related to screen time in 2 month – 6-year-old children
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in mothers who brought their child (2 month-6-year-old) in for vaccination at the well-baby clinic of Chulalongkorn hospital (n=423). The data was collected by questionnaires during 12 May-10 December 2020 including; demographic data of mothers and their children, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Family Relationship and Functioning Questionnaire, and Screen time in children and screen-related parenting practices questionnaire.
Results: The average screen time in children was 2.81±3.5 hours/day on weekdays and 3.93±4.8 hours/day on weekends. Most children (78%) had more screen time than is recommended. Television is the type of screen that has the highest screen time in children. On analysis of the relationship between children’s screen time and maternal depression, we found that severe maternal depression was associated with significantly longer children’s screen time on weekends. The study found that factors related to screen time was mother’s BMI, education level of children, children’s academic extracurricular classes, screen time-related parenting practice, children’s exercise and mother’s screen time.
Conclusions: This study found that severe maternal depression was associated with significantly longer children’s screen time. This reflects a direct consequence of maternal depression on child-rearing practices, namely allowing more screen time for children, which will indirectly impact children’s future development. Therefore, a child’s screen time should be monitored if the mother develops depression, to promote better mental and physical health of both mother and child.
Article Details
Articles submitted for consideration must not have been previously published or accepted for publication in any other journal, and must not be under review by any other journal.
References
2. Lissak G. Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environ Res. 2018;164:149-57.
3. Lemola S, Perkinson-Gloor N, Brand S, Dewald-Kaufmann JF, Grob A. Adolescents' electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. J Youth Adolesc. 2015;44(2):405-18.
4. Woods HC, Scott H. Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. J Adolesc. 2016;51:41-9.
5. Loh KK, Kanai R. Higher media multi-tasking activity is associated with smaller gray-matter density in the anterior cingulate cortex. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e106698.
6. Duch H, Fisher EM, Ensari I, Harrington A. Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013;10:102.
7. Zink J, Belcher BR, Kechter A, Stone MD, Leventhal AM. Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence. Prev Med Rep. 2019;13:281-8.
8. Nikkelen SW, Valkenburg PM, Huizinga M, Bushman BJ. Media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Dev Psychol. 2014;50(9):2228-41.
9. Weiss MD, Baer S, Allan BA, Saran K, Schibuk H. The screens culture: impact on ADHD. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2011;3(4):327-34.
10. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep for Children under 5 Years of Age. Geneva: World Health Organization
2019.; 2019.
11. Council On C, Media. Media and Young Minds. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5).
12. ชาญวิทย์ พรนภดล, ศิริชัย หงษ์สงวนศรี, ณัทธร พิทยรัตน์เสถียร, ทรงภูมิ เบญญากร, คมสันต์ เกียรติรุ่งฤทธิ์, โชษิตา ภาวสุทธิไพศิฐ. คำแนะนำสำหรับผู้ปกครองเรื่องการใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตของเด็กและวัยรุ่น: มีเดียโซน พริ้นติ้ง; 2014
13. Lauricella AR, Wartella E, Rideout VJ. Young children's screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 2015;36:11-7.
14. Samaha M, Hawi NS. Associations between screen media parenting practices and children’s screen time in Lebanon. Telematics and Informatics. 2017;34(1):351-8.
15. Veldhuis L, van Grieken A, Renders CM, Hirasing RA, Raat H. Parenting style, the home environment, and screen time of 5-year-old children; the 'be active, eat right' study. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88486.
16. Xu H, Wen LM, Rissel C. Associations of parental influences with physical activity and screen time among young children: a systematic review. J Obes. 2015;2015:546925.
17. Park S, Chang HY, Park EJ, Yoo H, Jo W, Kim SJ, et al. Maternal Depression and Children's Screen Overuse. J Korean Med Sci. 2018;33(34):e219.
18. Anand V, Downs SM, Bauer NS, Carroll AE. Prevalence of infant television viewing and maternal depression symptoms. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2014;35(3):216-24.
19. Lovejoy MC, Graczyk PA, O'Hare E, Neuman G. Maternal depression and parenting behavior: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2000;20(5):561-92.
20. WHO Organization. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorder: Global Health Estimates. 2017.
21. Kittirattanapaiboon P, Tantirangsee N, Chutha W, Tanaree A, Kwansanit P, Assanangkornchai S. et al. Prevalence of mental disorders and mental health problems: Thai national mental health survey 2013. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, 25(1), 1-19.
22. Anita T, James F. Leckman, Stephen S, Margaret J. snowling, Eric T. Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. sixth ed2015.
23. Lo CB, Waring ME, Pagoto SL, Lemon SC. A television in the bedroom is associated with higher weekday screen time among youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD). Prev Med Rep. 2015;2:1-3.
24. Hoyos C, Jago R. Systematic review of correlates of screen-viewing among young children. Prev Med. 2010;51(1):3-10.
25. Lotrakul M, Sumrithe S, Saipanish R. Reliability and validity of the Thai version of the PHQ-9. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8:46.
26. Lueboonthavatchai P. Prevalence and psychosocial factors of anxiety and depression in
breast cancer patients. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007.
27. Fei, Q., Yiqing, S., George, N. P., Lina, Z., Yanan, D., Cuicui, Z et al. Physical activity, screen time, and
emotional well-being during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in china. International journal of
environmental research and public health. 2020
29. Kongsuk T, Arunpongpaisal S, Janthong S, Prukkanone B, Sukhawaha S, Leejongpermpoon J, Criterion-Related Validity of the 9 Questions Depression Rating Scale revised for Thai Central Dialect. J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand 2018; 63(4): 321-334
30. Sirirassamee F, Chonchaiya W, Pruksananonda C. Sleep Behavior and Sleep Problems in School-aged Children in Thailand. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2015