Efficacy and safety of Vernonia cinerea and Boesenbergia rotunda oral sprays in cigarette smokers withbehavioral counseling for smoking cessation: A preliminary study
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
Background: Vernonia cinerea and Boesenbergia rotunda are beneficial for cigarette smokers, therefore, systematic investigation is encouraged.
Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of two oral spray formulations, one with V. Cinerea extracts alone and another with combined extracts of V. cinerea and B. rotunda compared to the placebo oral spray, as a supplement for smoking cessation behavioral counseling.
Methods: The randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Prachinburi Province, Thailand. The eligible smokers were randomly assigned to three groups to receive the oral sprays with the extracts of V. cinerea, V. cinerea combined with B. rotunda, or placebo. The percentages of reduction in number of cigarettes smoked per week, the smoking abstinence status, the Fagerstrom Tests for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score, and the adverse reactions were determined for six weeks.
Results: By the sixth week, the percentages of reduction of cigarettes smoked among the smokers with the V. cinerea spray (n=18), the V. cinerea combined with B. rotunda spray (n=21), and the placebo spray (n=17) compared to the first week were 67.09% vs. 28.19%, 73.90% vs. 35.97%, and 46.65% vs. 26.20%, respectively. The reduction in the intervention groups compared to the placebo group was significantly higher since the second week (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the abstinence status (p>0.05). The FTND score before and after the study in all groups were significantly decreased. Both spray formulations were well-tolerated compared to the placebo. No serious adverse events were observed.
Conclusion: Both oral spray formulations appear to be very promising to support smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Further studies with larger group of smokers and longer duration of the interventions may be needed to provide more robust knowledge of these findings
Article Details
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวิทยาลัยพยาบาลบรมราชชนนี จังหวัดนนทบุรี
ข้อความที่ปรากฏในบทความแต่ละเรื่องในวารสารวิชาการเล่มนี้เป็นความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับวิทยาลัยพยาบาลบรมราชชนนี จังหวัดนนทบุรี และคณาจารย์ท่านอื่น ในวิทยาลัยฯ แต่อย่างใด ความรับผิดชอบองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดของบทความแต่ละเรื่องเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน หากมีความผิดพลาดใด ๆ ผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านจะรับผิดชอบบทความของตนเองแต่ผู้เดียว
References
2. Ward MM, Swan GE, Jack LM. Self-reported abstinence effects in the first month after smoking cessation. Addict Behav 2001; 26(3):311-27
3. Aubin HJ, Luquiens A, Brelin I. Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: pharmacological principles and clinical practice. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 77(2): 324-36.
4. Wongwiwatthananukit S, Benjanakaskul P, Songsak T, Suwanamajo S, Verachai V. Efficacy of Vernonia cinerea for smoking cessation. J Health Res 2009; 23(1):31-6
5. Nisaa ZU, Zafar A, Zafar F. Efficacy of a smoking cessation intervention using the natural agents. Int J Collab Res Intern Med Public Health 2018; 10(2): 809-15.
6. Lee HJ, Lee JH. Effects of medicinal herb tea on the smoking cessation and reducing smoking withdrawal symptoms. Am J Chin Med. 2005;33(1):127-38.
7. Bunyapraphatsara N. Medicinal plants indigenous to Thailand. 5th ed. Bangkok: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University. Bangkok; 2005.
8. Lhieochaiphant SA: Phytochemical study of Vernonia cinera Less [dissertation]. Chaingmai: Chiangmai University; 1985.
9. Ketsuwan N, Leelarunggrayub J, Kothan S, Singhatong S. antioxidant compounds and activities of the stem, fower, and leaf extracts of the anti-smoking Thai medicinal plant: Vernonia cinerea less. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:383–91.
10. Pairratkul O. Chemical composition and biological activities of Vernonia cinerea less and product development for smoking cessation. Journal of Thai Traditional & Alternative Medicine 2010; 8(1): 81-92.
11. Leelarungrayub D, Pratanaphon S, Pothongsunun P , Sriboonreung T, Yankai A, Bloomer RJ. Vernonia cinerea Less. supplementation and strenuous exercise reduce smoking rate: relation to oxidative stress status and beta-endorphin release in active smokers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7:21 https://www.jissn.com/content/7/1/21
12. Jitpukdeebodintra S, Jangwang A. Coffee for smoking cessation. J Food Agric Environ 2009; 7 (3&4): 130-3
13. Kitphaiboontawee S. Efficacy of Vernonia cinerea Lozenge as An Adjunct to Pharmacist Counseling on Smoking Abstinence Rate: A Randomized Controlled Trial [dissertation]. Songkla: Prince of Songkla University; 2012.
14. Saisawat S, Makanunchote M. Model development for treatment of cigarette smokers by Vernonia cinerea and natural therapy, Therng hospital, Chiang rai. Nonthaburi: Bureau of tobacco control; 1996.
15. Traipopsakul W, Sittiphun C. Efficacy of Vernonia cinerea capsule in smoking cessation. Bangkok: Tobacco control research and knowledge management center; 2011.
16. Yamashita, HSS, inventor; Müller-Boré & Partner Patentanwälte , assignee. Filter for cigarette, and cigarette. European patent EP 1491103A1. 2004 Dec 29.
17. Eng-Chong T, Yean-Kee L, Chin-Fei C, Choon-Han H, Sher-Ming W, Li-Ping CT, Gen-Teck F et al. Boesenbergia rotunda: From Ethnomedicine to Drug Discovery 2012; DOI: 10.1155/2012/473637
18. Limsuwan S, Voravuthikunchai S. Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schltr., Eleutherine americana Merr. and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. as antibiofilm producing and antiquorum sensing in Streptococcus pyogens. FEMS Immunol Med Mic 2008; 53(3):429-3
19. Taweechaisupapong S., Singhara S., Lertsatitthanakorn P., Khunkitti W. Antimicrobial effects of Boesengergia pandurata and Piper sarmentosum leaf extracts on planktonic cells and biofilm of oral pathogens. Pak J Pharm Sci 2010; 23(2):224-3.
20. Rech R. S., Santos K. W., Maahs M. A. P., Vidor D. C. G. M. Masticatory Changes as a Result of Oral Disorder in Smokers. J International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 2014; 18:369-375
21. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict 1991; 86:1119-2.