Development of a Fall Risk Reduction Model for Older Adults in Urban Communities, Chachoengsao Province
Keywords:
Falls, Older Adults, Risk Reduction, Urban CommunitiesAbstract
Falls are a significant health issue that adversely affects the well-being and quality of life of older adults, particularly in urban communities with unique risk factors. This action research aimed to develop a fall risk reduction model for older adults in urban communities of Chachoengsao Province. The study involved 160 older adults, selected through simple random sampling from 22 communities within the municipal area of Mueang Chachoengsao District. The research was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 involved assessing the fall risk situation among older adults using a fall prevention behavior questionnaire and a home environment assessment checklist. Phase 2 focused on developing a fall risk reduction model through the A-I-C process, in collaboration with relevant local stakeholders. Data collection tools included meeting records and follow-up survey forms. Phase 3 evaluated the effectiveness of the developed model using a fall prevention behavior questionnaire, a home safety assessment tool (Phase 1), and an outcome monitoring form. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests for pre- and post-intervention comparisons, and content analysis. The findings revealed that older adults exhibited increased fall risk behaviors, particularly not using handrails in bathrooms (78.8%) and failing to use stable shower chairs (72.5%). Additionally, most home environments were deemed unsuitable. The fall risk reduction model comprised three key initiatives: promoting community participation in fall prevention activities, conducting training and public awareness campaigns on fall risk reduction, and developing a community-level fall prevention and monitoring system. The evaluation showed a decline and stabilization in fall-related injuries and fatalities among urban older adults. Furthermore, the mean scores for fall prevention behaviors and home safety significantly improved at p-values of 0.001, respectively. This study suggests that future research should compare fall risks between urban and rural settings to develop a more comprehensive and sustainable model. Additionally, policy-level implementation is recommended to mitigate health impacts and enhance the quality of life for older adults in Thai society.
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