Journal of Disease and Health Risk DPC.3

Risk Factors for Mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients between Delta Variants and Omicron variants in public health region 6.

Chabaprai Saosuwan — 2024-08-27

This cross-sectional analytical research study aims to present the factors associated with COVID-19 patients’ death during the COVID-19 outbreak in the area of Public Health Region 6. The eligible to recruit death patients from Delta and Omicron variants were 1,428 people and 586 people respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression for adjusted odd ratio and 95% confidence interval. The results revealed that between deaths of Delta variant outbreak and Omicron variant outbreak. Majority of deaths were found in males, 50.4% and 54.3%. Over 70 years of age, 51.8% and 68.4%. Top 3 most common disease types were: 68.5% and 61.4% had High blood pressure, 45.3% and 36.0% Diabetes, 34.4% and 28.7% Hyperlipidemia. Most had a history of contact with confirmed patients 87.0% and 97.1% and not received the vaccine 78.4% and 58.2%. The main factors that significantly related to Delta outbreaks (P-value < 0.05) were the first time of the COVID-19 vaccination (AOR=111.058), no history of the COVID-19 vaccination (AOR=43.691), Risk from living in risky areas or travel to high-risk areas or coming from a high-risk area (AOR=3.697), class 2 obesity BMI (AOR=2.378), Class 1 obesity BMI (AOR=1.964), High blood pressure (AOR =1.654) had high relationship statistically to the deaths of Delta variant outbreak as compared to the deaths of Omicron variant outbreak. Conversely, Cerebrovascular diseases (AOR=4.367), Bedridden patient (AOR=3.802), Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (AOR=2.062), Chronic kidney diseases (AOR =1.634), had high relationship statistically to the deaths of Omicron variant outbreak as compared to the deaths of Delta variant outbreak. Suggestions for patients with underlying diseases of Chronic kidney disease, Cerebrovascular diseases, Chronic obstructive diseases and Bedridden patients during Omicron variant outbreak are proactive managements for surveillance, health services of prompt diagnosis and cares, including a bivalent COVID vaccination to reduce the risk of death from COVID-19 infection.

Factors Associated with Assessing The COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Among The Elderly in Sa Kaeo Province

Rattiya Yomma — 2024-08-27

COVID-19 vaccine booster dose is essential to mitigate severe illness and death pandemics, especially in the elderly. However, they have had far less access. This Community-based case-control study, which applies the PRECEDE Model. This study aimed to investigate factors effected with assessing the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose among the elderly in Sa Kaeo province. Using data from the Ministry of Public Health's central database, the MOPH Immunization Center (MOPH IC) was used for searching the sample group and collected information through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to describe general characteristics, and conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the association. The results have shown that 324 participants were divided into case and control groups, each consisting of 162 individuals. Half of them were female (53.7%). The average age was 67 years. Factors associated with assessing the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose were statistically significant at p-value <0.05 including a high perceived severity of infection that was contracting COVID-19 leading to severe illness or death (OR adj = 7.951, 95% CI = 1.133-55.815), perception of side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine at slightly confident level (OR adj = 5.254, 95%CI = 1.381-19.983) and no confidence (OR adj = 31.201, 95% CI = 5.321-182.969), and never having experienced side effects after receiving the previous vaccination (OR adj = 3.041, 95% CI = 1.141-8.108). It was also found that both groups desired proactive vaccination services within the community or receiving services at nearby facilities every day. Therefore, It is critical to enhance health literacy for the elderly, especially regarding the perceived severity of infection and vaccine side effects, and to communicate information to the elderly, including caregivers, to understand adverse reactions and self-management after COVID-19 vaccination, to ensure the elderly have more confident and make informed decisions about accessing vaccination services appropriately.

Factors affecting the alcohol consumption behavior among people in Ta sub-district, Khuntan District, Chiangrai Province

Jutharat Cheanjai — 2024-08-27

This survey research aimed to 1) study the alcohol consumption behaviors and 2) study the factors that affect the alcohol consumption behaviors among people in Da subdistrict. The sample were 18 to 59 years old. 360 participants were randomized by simple random sampling, data collected by using questionnaires, analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Biserial Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis.

The result revealed that most were females (56.10%), aged at 30 to 44 years (37.00%), status married (49.40%), education level at bachelor’s degree or higher (32.50%), employed (32.50%), average income at 10,000 baht or higher (28.30%), had debts under 5,000(70.00%), alcohol affect to work and daily life(28.30%), did not have any underlying disease(85.00%), knowledge at good level( =12.10, SD.=3.32), attitudes were at a moderate (75.83%), perceived of self-efficacy were at a moderate (73.89%), familial relationships were at a moderate (76.95%), and access to alcohol was at a moderate (72.20 %) had social and familial support at a moderate (72.22 %), consumption behaviors level at 2 degree (24.00%) and factors that could predict alcohol consumption behavior among people of Ta Subdistrict at 17.40% including gender, alcohol access, and social and family support. (R² = 0.174 , Adj. =0.167 , F =25.008 , Sig < 0.001)

Treatment Outcomes and Factors Associated with Treatment Outcomes among Patients Treated with Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Regimens, Ubon Ratchathani Province between 2016-2021

Bhumiwasit Wongsa — 2024-08-27

Objective: to study successful treatment outcomes and factors associated with treatment outcomes for patient who receive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis regimens in an Ubon Ratchathani province hospitals Methods: This was mixed methods research that combined quantitative and qualitative data collection. Quantitative data were collected from hospital medical records of 119 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients from October 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021. Qualitative data were collected from 30 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients including 15 treated with multidrug-resistant regimens and 15 medical professionals who take care of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Ubon Ratchathani province. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship among factors associated with successful treatment outcomes Results: The results of the quantitative study were found among 119 patients treated with multidrug-resistant regimens. A mean age of 47.99±16.52 years and a mean duration of treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) of 15.89±8.09 months. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) type were found the most for 91.58% and successful treatments were found for 73.11% of them. Factors that contribute to treatment not success included patients over 60 years of age and news patients with least two positive sputum smears. The qualitative results showed that a supportive system of health care service promotes treatment success. Conclusion: The improving patient compliance with medications and directly observed therapy (DOT) should be strictly followed for these patients.

Health Literacy of self-protection from particulate matter PM2.5 affected to community health in Health region 5

Chaweewan Chaiprapankoon — 2024-08-27

The research on health literacy about self - protection from fine particulate matter PM _2.5 affecting public health, Health Region 5. The objective is to study how demographic characteristics are related to health literacy and self-protection behavior from PM _2.5 fine dust particles, health literacy is related to people's self-protection behavior from PM _2.5 fine dust particles. That has an impact on the health of the people in Health Region 5. A Cross - sectional Analytic Research type of Correlation Studies. The sampling up to 380 people. The results of chi – square test between gender, education, age groups and health literacy with self - protection behaviors were not significant. The employment and health literacy with of self – protection behaviors were significant (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis between the overall health literacy and self - protection behaviors was significant at .05.

self - protection behaviors from PM _2.5 affecting people's health in Health Region 5. A Cross - sectional Analytic Research type of Correlation Studies. The sampling up to 380 people.The results of Chi – Square test between gender, education ,age groups and health literacy with self - protection behaviors was not significant. or no Correlation. Chi – Square test between employment and health literacy with self – protection behaviors was significant (Chi – Square test = 18.505, df.=6, p<0.001). Correlation between the sum of health literacy and self - protection behaviors was significant (p<0.001).

A Comparison of the Workload of Promotion and Prevention Fee Schedule in Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital affiliated and not affiliated to the Ministry of Public Health in Health Region 3

Wanna Prayukvong — 2024-08-27

This in-depth research aimed to compare the workload of promotion and prevention fee schedule of the National Health Security Office (NHSO) in between two primary care units, one of which is affiliated to and the other not affiliated to the Ministry of Health in Health Region 3. We will conduct the research using the database of the NHSO and Health Data Center-HDC in the fiscal years of 2022 and 2023. The result showed such workload of a primary care unit or a sub-district health promoting hospital (SD PH) in year 2023 was much higher than in year 2022. A mean comparison of several services in fee schedule which SD PH could provide, showed that there was no difference between them. Similarly, the rate of change of the percentage of outpatient services from HDC of SD PH in fiscal year 2022 and 2023 revealed no difference between them.

Factors Predicting Preventive Behaviors of Coronavirus 2019 Among Pregnant Women in Sawanpracharak Hospital Nakhon Sawan Province

Tipapon Bodeethanawit — 2024-08-27

The physiological changes of pregnant women can increase the risk of respiratory tract infections. It found that many pregnant women were infected with the coronavirus 2019 during the outbreak. This cross-sectional descriptive study purposed to study the levels of the preventive behaviors and factors predicting the preventive behaviors of the coronavirus 2019. The 153 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Sawanpracharak Hospital were selected by purposive sampling. Data was collected by the questionnaires which was analyzed the validity by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.74 and 0.76. Analyzing the data used the descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that pregnant women's prevention behavior against coronavirus disease 2019 was at a convenient level. (Mean=2.3, S.D.=0.44). Factors perceiving the health beliefs regarding the coronavirus 2019 and perceiving the benefits of behavioral practices were correlated with the prevention behaviors of coronavirus 2019 infection with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.49. If the perceived benefit of the behavior practice increased by 1 point, the prevention behavior of coronavirus 2019 infection increased by 0.608 points (b = 0.608) It was able to predict the preventive behavior of coronavirus 2019 infection by 23.60% with a statistical significance at the .001. Thus, the health agencies should be encouraged about the advantages and disadvantages of infectious prevention for pregnant women for the correct and proper practice can prevent disease effectively.

Model Development of Food Safety with Community Participation Kamphaeng Phet Province

Tharitwan Prapijit — 2024-08-27

This study has two main objectives: 1) to identify factors and components related to food safety operations, and 2) to develop a community-involved food safety operational model. The research is divided into three phases: 1) survey research, selecting 200 samples by simple random sampling; 2) participatory action research, selecting 10 key informants by purposive sampling; and 3) connoisseurship, selecting 7 experts by purposive sampling. The research design was a mixed-method sequential exploratory study, starting with a quantitative study followed by a qualitative study. The findings reveal that the majority of the sample group is female (60.0%) with an average age of 44 years and 10 months. Most entrepreneurs are involved in bottled water production (82.2%) in municipal and rural areas (55.0% and 45.0%, respectively). Significant correlations exist between variables related to food safety operations, including knowledge of food safety, information access, understanding, data evaluation, and decision-making abilities; r= .169, .267, .263, .211, .233, and .237, respectively. Structural equation modeling shows that knowledge components related to food safety and health significantly influence food safety operations (23.0% and 17.0%, respectively). model fit c² = 24.061, P =0.088, DF = 16, CMIN/DF = 1.504, RMR = 0.143, GFI = 0.974, AGFI = 0.928, RMSEA= 0.050. The participation research showed that the operating model for food safety with community participation consists of six steps from the evaluation of connoisseurship that can be put into practice to be effective. The result suggests that policymakers should support entrepreneurs in implementing successful food safety operations with community involvement.

The effect of the Hepatitis C elimination policy to implementation in the local administrative organization area, health region 3

Sarawut Phochanasombat — 2024-08-27

This study aimed to the effect of the hepatitis C elimination policy to implementation in the local administrative organization area, Health Region 3. The mixed-method research method was used, which was a sequential, interpretive method. Quantitative data collection and analysis were conducted in the first phase, followed by qualitative data collection and analysis in the second phase. The researcher gave equal importance to both quantitative and qualitative data, which were used to complement or support each other. Integration occurred in the interpretation and discussion stages of the results. Quantitative data were collected using data from the hepatitis C screening results in Health Region 3 to achieve 90 percent of the target number in fiscal years 2022-2023, and qualitative data were collected using a documentary research, in-depth interviews, and non-participatory observation. Content analysis and data quality check by triangulating data collection methods. The sample groups were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, the target group at risk of hepatitis C infection in 2022-2023, consisting of 3,557 and 14,544 persons, respectively; and Group 2, 15 personnel from public health agencies and local administrative organizations in the local administrative organization area who voluntarily participated in the hepatitis C screening in Health Region 3. The results of the study found that in 2022-2023, Health Region 3 had local administrative organizations participating in the hepatitis C screening in every province and exceeding the set target. The results of the hepatitis C screening in the local administrative organization area of Health Region 3 met the target of 90 percent, with screening results of 93.36 percent and 93.23 percent, respectively. In this regard, the implementation of health policies should use mechanisms at all levels to jointly implement them, with key hosts at all levels, and policies that are clear and can be implemented. There should be sufficient and appropriate resources in the community, including the development of the potential of medical personnel to support the care of hepatitis C patients. In the next study, there should be a study care system to develop to be more comprehensive and appropriate for patients.