Comparison of Respiratory Muscle Strength and Tongue Strength in People with Primary Snoring and Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Keywords:
Tongue muscle strength, Respiratory strength, Obstructive sleep apnea, Primary snoringAbstract
The objectives of this study were to compare respiratory and tongue muscle strength in individuals with primary snoring and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The participants in this study were people with primary snoring or severe OSA, who aged 18-70 years and had body mass index < 30 kilogram/square meter. Both participant groups, 41 each, were evaluated maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), anterior maximum isometric tongue presses (AMAX), and posterior maximum isometric tongue presses (PMAX). An independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the variables between 2 groups.
The results found that there was no statistically significant difference in AMAX between the primary snoring and severe OSA groups (p = 0.33). However, the statistically significant difference was found in PMAX between groups (p = 0.03). MEP and MIP in severe OSA were significantly higher compared to those in the primary snoring (p = 0.03 and p = 0.006, respectively). In conclusion, the severe OSA group had weaker posterior part of tongue but stronger inspiratory and expiratory muscles compared to the primary snoring group.
References
Adams V, Mathisen B, Baines S, Lazarus C, & Callister R. (2014). Reliability of measurements of tongue and hand strength and endurance using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument with healthy adults. Dysphagia, 29(1), 83-95. doi: 10.1007/s00455-013-9486-5.
Banno K, & Kryger M H. (2007). Sleep apnea: clinical investigations in humans. Sleep Med, 8(4), 400-426. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.03.003.
Birk R, Stuck B A, Maurer J T, Schell A, Muller C E, Kramer B, et al. (2021). Maximum isometric tongue force in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 278(3), 893-900. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06327-7.
Camacho M, Guilleminault C, Wei J M, Song S A, Noller M W, Reckley L K, et al. (2018). Oropharyngeal and tongue exercises (myofunctional therapy) for snoring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 275(4), 849-855. doi: 10.1007/ s00405-017-4848-5.
Cazan D, Mehrmann U, Wenzel A, & Maurer J T. (2017). The effect on snoring of using a pillow to change the head position. Sleep Breath, 21(3), 615-621. doi: 10.1007/s11325-017-1461-1.
Celli B R. (1986). Respiratory muscle function. Clin Chest Med, 7(4), 567-584.
Davies R J, Ali N J, & Stradling J R. (1992). Neck circumference and other clinical features in the diagnosis of the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Thorax, 47(2), 101-105. doi: 10.1136/thx.47.2.101.
De Felicio C M, Da Silva Dias F V, & Trawitzki L V V. (2018). Obstructive sleep apnea: Focus on myofunctional therapy. Nat Sci Sleep, 10, 271-286. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S141132.
Granton T, Naughton T, Benard C, Liu P, Goldstein S, & Bradley D. (1996). CPAP improves inspiratory muscle strength in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 153(1), 277-282. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.153.1.8542129.
Kapur V K. (2010). Obstructive sleep apnea: diagnosis, epidemiology, and economics. Respir Care, 55(9), 1155-1167.
Kim E, Park S, Park H, Shin J, Ha Y, Park J, et al. (2015). Predictors for presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea in snoring patients: Significance of neck circumference. J Sleep Med, 12(2), 34-38.
Mediano O, Romero-Peralta S, Resano P, Cano-Pumarega I, Sanchez-de-la-Torre M, Castillo-Garcia M, et al. (2019). Obstructive sleep apnea: emerging treatments targeting the genioglossus muscle. J Clin Med, 8(10), 1-18. doi: 10.3390/jcm8101754.
Nobrega-Junior J C N, Dornelas de Andrade A, Andrade E A M, Andrade M D A, Ribeiro A. S V, Pedrosa R P, et al. (2020). Inspiratory muscle training in the severity of obstructive sleep apnea, sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness: A placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Nat Sci Sleep, 12, 1105-1113. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S269360.
Noordzij M, Dekker W, Zoccali C, & Jager J. (2011). Sample size calculations. Nephron Clin Pract, 118(4), c319-323. doi: 10.1159/000322830.
Perry J L, Kuehn D P, & Sutton B P. (2013). Morphology of the levator veli palatini muscle using magnetic resonance imaging. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 50(1), 64-75. doi: 10.1597/11-125.
Ramsook A H, Molgat-Seon Y, Schaeffer M R, Wilkie S S, Camp P G, Reid W D, et al. (2017). Effects of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle electromyography and dyspnea during exercise in healthy men. J Appl Physiol, 122(5), 1267-1275. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00046.2017.
Reggiani C, & Schiaffino S. (2020). Muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength: Dependent or independent variables? A provocative review. Eur J Transl Myol, 30(3), 9311. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9311.
Selim B, & Ramar K. (2021). Sleep-related breathing disorders: When CPAP is not enough. Neurotherapeutics, 18(1), 81-90. doi: 10.1007/s13311-020-00955-x.
Singh B, Yadollahi A, Lyons O, Alshaer H, & Bradley T D. (2017). The effect of sitting and calf activity on leg fluid and snoring. Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 240, 1-7. doi: 10.1016/ j.resp.2017.02.008.
Tiffany McCausland B B. (2021). Anatomy, Head and neck, Genioglossus muscle. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
Yano J, Yamamoto-Shimizu S, Yokoyama T, Kumakura I, Hanayama K, & Tsubahara A. (2019). Effects of anterior tongue strengthening exercises on posterior tongue strength in healthy young adults. Arch Oral Biol, 98, 238-242. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.028.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Christian University of Thailand
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
