การออกกำลังกายที่เพิ่มการสร้างเซลล์ประสาทใหม่ ในสมองส่วนฮิปโปแคมปัส
บทคัดย่อ
การค้นพบการสร้างเซลล์ประสาทใหม่ในสมองผู้ใหญ่เป็นการค้นพบครั้งสำคัญทางประสาทวิทยาศาสตร์และวิทยาศาสตร์การออกกำลังกาย เป็นการล้มล้างความเชื่อดั้งเดิมที่ว่าเซลล์ประสาทในสมองไม่สามารถแยกเซลล์และโครงสร้างไม่สามารถเปลี่ยนแปลงได้ การสร้างเซลล์ประสาทใหม่เป็นกระบวนการเจริญเติบโตของเซลล์เกิดใหม่ในสมองส่วนฮิปโปแคมปัส ซึ่งมีหน้าที่ในด้านการจดจำและการเรียนรู้ ในแต่ละวันสมองของผู้ใหญ่จะมีเซลล์ประสาทเกิดใหม่นับหมื่นเซลล์และลดลงอย่างรวดเร็วเมื่ออายุมากขึ้น มีหลักฐานมากมายยืนยันว่าการออกกำลังกายแบบแอโรบิคระดับเบาจนถึงระดับความหนักปานกลางสามารถเพิ่มการสร้างเซลล์ประสาทใหม่ได้ด้วยกลไกหลายประการ ดังนั้น การออกกำลังกายซึ่งเป็นวิธีการที่ง่ายและประหยัด อาจสามารถชะลอและแก้ไขความผิดปกติจากความเสื่อมตามวัยและโรคทางสมองบางประการ
References
Abrous, Djoher Nora, Koehl, Muriel, Le Moal, Michel. (2005). Adult Neurogenesis : From Precursors to Network and Physiology. Physiol. Rev : 85(2), 523 - 569.
Aimone JB, Wiles J, Gage FH. (2006). Potential role for adult neurogenesis in the encoding of time in new memories. Nat Neurosci. 9(6) : 723-727.
Ana C. Pereira, Dan E. Huddleston, Adam M. Brickman, Alexander A. Sosunov, Rene Hen, Guy M. McKhann, Richard Sloan, Fred H. Gage, Truman R. Brown, and Scott A. Small. (2007). An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 104(13) : 5638-5643.
Babyak M, Blumenthal JA, Herman S, Khatri P, Doraiswamy M, Moore K, Craighead WE, Baldewicz TT, Krishnan KR. (2000). Exercise treatment for major depression: maintenance of therapeutic benefit at 10 months. Psychosom Med. 62(5) : 633-638.
Banasr M, Hery M, Printemps R, Daszuta A. (2004). Serotonin-induced increases in adult cell proliferation and neurogenesis are mediated through different and common 5-HT receptor subtypes in the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone. Neuropsychopharmacology. 29(3) : 450-460.
Bjornebekk A, Math? AA, Bren? S. (2005). The antidepressant effect of running is associated with increased hippocampal cell proliferation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 8(3) : 357-368.
Bjornebekk A, Math? AA, Bren? S. (2006). Running has differential effects on NPY, opiates, and cell proliferation in an animal model of depression and controls. Neuropsychopharmacology. 31(2) : 256-264.
Bruel-Jungerman E, Rampon C, Laroche S. (2007). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and memory: facts and hypotheses. Rev Neurosci. 18(2) : 93-114.
Cameron HA, McKay RD. (2001). Adult neurogenesis produces a large pool of new granule cells in the dentate gyrus. J Comp Neuro. 435(4) : 406 - 417.
Carl Ernst, Andrea K. Olson, John P.J. Pinel, Raymond W. Lam, and Brian R. Christie. (2006). Antidepressant effects of exercise: Evidence for an adult-neurogenesis hypothesis?. J Psychiatry Neurosc, 31(2) : 84-92.
Dayer AG, Cleaver KM, Abouantoun T. (2005). New GABAergic interneurons in the adult neocortex and striatum are generated from different precursors. J Cell Biol. 168(3) : 415-427.
Dimeo F, Bauer M, Varahram I, Proest G, Halter U. (2001). Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: a pilot study. Br J Sports Med. 35(2) : 114-117.
Dunn AL, Trivedi MH, Kampert JB, Clark CG, Chambliss HO. (2005). Exercise treatment for depression: efficacy and dose response. Am J Prev Med. 28(1) : 1-8.
Fabel K, Kempermann G. (2008). Physical activity and the regulation of neurogenesis in the adult and aging brain. Neuromolecular Med. 10(2) : 59-66.
Fabel K, Wolf SA, Ehninger D, Babu H, Leal-Galicia P, Kempermann G. (2009). Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Front. Neurogenesis, 1(2), 1-7.
Farmer J, Zhao X, van Praag H, Wodtke K, Gage FH, Christie BR. (2004). Effects of voluntary exercise on synaptic plasticity and gene expression in the dentate gyrus of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo. Neuroscience. 124(1) : 71-79.
Horch HW. (2004). Local effects of BDNF on dendritic growth. Rev Neurosci. 15(2) : 117-129.
Jessberger S, Gage FH. (2008). Stem-cell-associated structural and functional plasticity in the aging hippocampus. Psychol Aging. 23(4) : 684-691.
Kempermann G. (2008). The neurogenic reserve hypothesis: what is adult hippocampal neurogenesis good for?. Trends Neurosci. 31(4) : 163-169.
Kim H, Lee SH, Kim SS, Yoo JH, Kim CJ. (2007). The influence of maternal treadmill running during pregnancy on short-term memory and hippocampal cell survival in rat pups. Int J Dev Neurosci. 25(4) : 243-249.
Klempin F, Kempermann G. (2007). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and aging. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 257(5) : 271-280.
Kronenberg G, Bick-Sander A, Bunk E, Wolf C, Ehninger D, Kempermann G. (2006). Physical exercise prevents age-related decline in precursor cell activity in the mouse dentate gyrus. Neurobiol Aging. 27(10) : 1505-1513.
Kronenberg G, Reuter K, Steiner B. (2003). Subpopulations of proliferating cells of the adult hippocampus respond differently to physiologic neurogenic stimuli. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 467 : 455-463.
Kubesch S, Bretschneider V, Freudenmann R, Weidenhammer N, Lehmann M, Spitzer M, Gron G. (2003). Aerobic endurance exercise improves executive functions in depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 64(9) : 1005-1012.
Lee E, Son H. (2009). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and related neurotrophic factors. BMB Rep. 42(5): 239-244.
Lee HH, Kim H, Lee JW, Kim YS, Yang HY, Chang HK, Lee TH, Shin MC, Lee MH, Shin MS, Park S, Baek S, Kim CJ. (2006). Maternal swimming during pregnancy enhances short-term memory and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rat pups. Brain Dev. 28(3) : 147-154.
Leuner B, Gould E, Shors TJ. (2006). Is there a link between adult neurogenesis and learning?. Hippocampus. 16(3) : 216-224.
Lisman JE. (1999). Relating hippocampal circuitry to function: recall of memory sequences by reciprocal dentate-CA3 interactions. Neuron. 22(2) : 233-242.
Lou SJ, Liu JY, Chang H, Chen PJ. (2008). Hippocampal neurogenesis and gene expression depend on exercise intensity in juvenile rats. Brain Res. 19(1210) : 48-55.
Mather AS, Rodriguez C, Guthrie MF, McHarg AM, Reid IC, McMurdo ME. (2002). Effects of exercise on depressive symptoms in older adults with poorly responsive depressive disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. (180) : 411-415.
Persson AI, Thorlin T, Bull C, Eriksson PS. (2003). Opioid-induced proliferation through the MAPK pathway in cultures of adult hippocampal progenitors. Mol Cell Neurosci. 23(3) : 360-372.
Redila VA, Christie BR. (2006). Exercise-induced changes in dendritic structure and complexity in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neuroscience.;137(4):1299-1307.
Sairanen M, Lucas G, Ernfors P, Castr n M, Castr n E. (2005). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and antidepressant drugs have different but coordinated effects on neuronal turnover, proliferation, and survival in the adult dentate gyrus. J Neurosci. 25(5) : 1089-1094.
Scharfman H, Goodman J, Macleod A, Phani S, Antonelli C, Croll S. (2005). Increased neurogenesis and the ectopic granule cells after intrahippocampal BDNF infusion in adult rats. Exp Neurol. 192(2) : 348-356.
Schobersberger W, Hobisch-Hagen P, Fries D, Wiedermann F, Rieder-Scharinger J, Villiger B, Frey W, Herold M, Fuchs D, Jelkmann W. (2000). Increase in immune activation, vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin after an ultramarathon run at moderate altitude. Immunobiology. 201(5) : 611-620.
Singh NA, Clements KM, Singh MA. (2001). The efficacy of exercise as a long-term antidepressant in elderly subjects: a randomized, controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 56(8) : M497-504.
Trejo JL, Llorens-Mart n MV, Torres-Aleman I. (2008). The effects of exercise on spatial learning and anxiety-like behavior are mediated by an IGF-I-dependent mechanism related to hippocampal neurogenesis. Mol Cell Neurosci. 12(2) : 402-411
van der Borght K, Kobor-Nyakas DE, Klauke K, Eggen BJ, Nyakas C, Van der Zee EA, Meerlo P. (2009). Physical exercise leads to rapid adaptations in hippocampal vasculature: temporal dynamics and relationship to cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Hippocampus. 19(10) : 928-936.
van Praag H. (2008). Neurogenesis and exercise: past and future directions. Neuromolecular Med. 10(2) : 128-140.
Van Praag H, Christie BR, Sejnowski TJ. (1999a). Running enhances neurogenesis, learning and long-term potentiation in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96(1) : 13427-13431.
van Praag H, Shubert T, Zhao C, Gage FH. (2005). Exercise enhances learning and hippocampal neurogenesis in aged mice. J Neurosci. 25(38) : 8680-8685.
Widegren U, Wretman C, Lionikas A, Hedin G, Henriksson J. (2000). Influence of exercise intensity on ERK/MAP kinase signalling in human skeletal muscle. Pflugers Arch. 441(2-3) : 317-322.
Wu CW, Chen YC, Yu L, Chen HI, Jen CJ, Huang AM, Tsai HJ, Chang YT, Kuo YM. (2007). Treadmill exercise counteracts the suppressive effects of peripheral lipopolysaccharide on hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory. J Neurochem. 103(6) : 2471-2481.
Aimone JB, Wiles J, Gage FH. (2006). Potential role for adult neurogenesis in the encoding of time in new memories. Nat Neurosci. 9(6) : 723-727.
Ana C. Pereira, Dan E. Huddleston, Adam M. Brickman, Alexander A. Sosunov, Rene Hen, Guy M. McKhann, Richard Sloan, Fred H. Gage, Truman R. Brown, and Scott A. Small. (2007). An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 104(13) : 5638-5643.
Babyak M, Blumenthal JA, Herman S, Khatri P, Doraiswamy M, Moore K, Craighead WE, Baldewicz TT, Krishnan KR. (2000). Exercise treatment for major depression: maintenance of therapeutic benefit at 10 months. Psychosom Med. 62(5) : 633-638.
Banasr M, Hery M, Printemps R, Daszuta A. (2004). Serotonin-induced increases in adult cell proliferation and neurogenesis are mediated through different and common 5-HT receptor subtypes in the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone. Neuropsychopharmacology. 29(3) : 450-460.
Bjornebekk A, Math? AA, Bren? S. (2005). The antidepressant effect of running is associated with increased hippocampal cell proliferation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 8(3) : 357-368.
Bjornebekk A, Math? AA, Bren? S. (2006). Running has differential effects on NPY, opiates, and cell proliferation in an animal model of depression and controls. Neuropsychopharmacology. 31(2) : 256-264.
Bruel-Jungerman E, Rampon C, Laroche S. (2007). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and memory: facts and hypotheses. Rev Neurosci. 18(2) : 93-114.
Cameron HA, McKay RD. (2001). Adult neurogenesis produces a large pool of new granule cells in the dentate gyrus. J Comp Neuro. 435(4) : 406 - 417.
Carl Ernst, Andrea K. Olson, John P.J. Pinel, Raymond W. Lam, and Brian R. Christie. (2006). Antidepressant effects of exercise: Evidence for an adult-neurogenesis hypothesis?. J Psychiatry Neurosc, 31(2) : 84-92.
Dayer AG, Cleaver KM, Abouantoun T. (2005). New GABAergic interneurons in the adult neocortex and striatum are generated from different precursors. J Cell Biol. 168(3) : 415-427.
Dimeo F, Bauer M, Varahram I, Proest G, Halter U. (2001). Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: a pilot study. Br J Sports Med. 35(2) : 114-117.
Dunn AL, Trivedi MH, Kampert JB, Clark CG, Chambliss HO. (2005). Exercise treatment for depression: efficacy and dose response. Am J Prev Med. 28(1) : 1-8.
Fabel K, Kempermann G. (2008). Physical activity and the regulation of neurogenesis in the adult and aging brain. Neuromolecular Med. 10(2) : 59-66.
Fabel K, Wolf SA, Ehninger D, Babu H, Leal-Galicia P, Kempermann G. (2009). Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Front. Neurogenesis, 1(2), 1-7.
Farmer J, Zhao X, van Praag H, Wodtke K, Gage FH, Christie BR. (2004). Effects of voluntary exercise on synaptic plasticity and gene expression in the dentate gyrus of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo. Neuroscience. 124(1) : 71-79.
Horch HW. (2004). Local effects of BDNF on dendritic growth. Rev Neurosci. 15(2) : 117-129.
Jessberger S, Gage FH. (2008). Stem-cell-associated structural and functional plasticity in the aging hippocampus. Psychol Aging. 23(4) : 684-691.
Kempermann G. (2008). The neurogenic reserve hypothesis: what is adult hippocampal neurogenesis good for?. Trends Neurosci. 31(4) : 163-169.
Kim H, Lee SH, Kim SS, Yoo JH, Kim CJ. (2007). The influence of maternal treadmill running during pregnancy on short-term memory and hippocampal cell survival in rat pups. Int J Dev Neurosci. 25(4) : 243-249.
Klempin F, Kempermann G. (2007). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and aging. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 257(5) : 271-280.
Kronenberg G, Bick-Sander A, Bunk E, Wolf C, Ehninger D, Kempermann G. (2006). Physical exercise prevents age-related decline in precursor cell activity in the mouse dentate gyrus. Neurobiol Aging. 27(10) : 1505-1513.
Kronenberg G, Reuter K, Steiner B. (2003). Subpopulations of proliferating cells of the adult hippocampus respond differently to physiologic neurogenic stimuli. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 467 : 455-463.
Kubesch S, Bretschneider V, Freudenmann R, Weidenhammer N, Lehmann M, Spitzer M, Gron G. (2003). Aerobic endurance exercise improves executive functions in depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 64(9) : 1005-1012.
Lee E, Son H. (2009). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and related neurotrophic factors. BMB Rep. 42(5): 239-244.
Lee HH, Kim H, Lee JW, Kim YS, Yang HY, Chang HK, Lee TH, Shin MC, Lee MH, Shin MS, Park S, Baek S, Kim CJ. (2006). Maternal swimming during pregnancy enhances short-term memory and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rat pups. Brain Dev. 28(3) : 147-154.
Leuner B, Gould E, Shors TJ. (2006). Is there a link between adult neurogenesis and learning?. Hippocampus. 16(3) : 216-224.
Lisman JE. (1999). Relating hippocampal circuitry to function: recall of memory sequences by reciprocal dentate-CA3 interactions. Neuron. 22(2) : 233-242.
Lou SJ, Liu JY, Chang H, Chen PJ. (2008). Hippocampal neurogenesis and gene expression depend on exercise intensity in juvenile rats. Brain Res. 19(1210) : 48-55.
Mather AS, Rodriguez C, Guthrie MF, McHarg AM, Reid IC, McMurdo ME. (2002). Effects of exercise on depressive symptoms in older adults with poorly responsive depressive disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. (180) : 411-415.
Persson AI, Thorlin T, Bull C, Eriksson PS. (2003). Opioid-induced proliferation through the MAPK pathway in cultures of adult hippocampal progenitors. Mol Cell Neurosci. 23(3) : 360-372.
Redila VA, Christie BR. (2006). Exercise-induced changes in dendritic structure and complexity in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neuroscience.;137(4):1299-1307.
Sairanen M, Lucas G, Ernfors P, Castr n M, Castr n E. (2005). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and antidepressant drugs have different but coordinated effects on neuronal turnover, proliferation, and survival in the adult dentate gyrus. J Neurosci. 25(5) : 1089-1094.
Scharfman H, Goodman J, Macleod A, Phani S, Antonelli C, Croll S. (2005). Increased neurogenesis and the ectopic granule cells after intrahippocampal BDNF infusion in adult rats. Exp Neurol. 192(2) : 348-356.
Schobersberger W, Hobisch-Hagen P, Fries D, Wiedermann F, Rieder-Scharinger J, Villiger B, Frey W, Herold M, Fuchs D, Jelkmann W. (2000). Increase in immune activation, vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin after an ultramarathon run at moderate altitude. Immunobiology. 201(5) : 611-620.
Singh NA, Clements KM, Singh MA. (2001). The efficacy of exercise as a long-term antidepressant in elderly subjects: a randomized, controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 56(8) : M497-504.
Trejo JL, Llorens-Mart n MV, Torres-Aleman I. (2008). The effects of exercise on spatial learning and anxiety-like behavior are mediated by an IGF-I-dependent mechanism related to hippocampal neurogenesis. Mol Cell Neurosci. 12(2) : 402-411
van der Borght K, Kobor-Nyakas DE, Klauke K, Eggen BJ, Nyakas C, Van der Zee EA, Meerlo P. (2009). Physical exercise leads to rapid adaptations in hippocampal vasculature: temporal dynamics and relationship to cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Hippocampus. 19(10) : 928-936.
van Praag H. (2008). Neurogenesis and exercise: past and future directions. Neuromolecular Med. 10(2) : 128-140.
Van Praag H, Christie BR, Sejnowski TJ. (1999a). Running enhances neurogenesis, learning and long-term potentiation in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96(1) : 13427-13431.
van Praag H, Shubert T, Zhao C, Gage FH. (2005). Exercise enhances learning and hippocampal neurogenesis in aged mice. J Neurosci. 25(38) : 8680-8685.
Widegren U, Wretman C, Lionikas A, Hedin G, Henriksson J. (2000). Influence of exercise intensity on ERK/MAP kinase signalling in human skeletal muscle. Pflugers Arch. 441(2-3) : 317-322.
Wu CW, Chen YC, Yu L, Chen HI, Jen CJ, Huang AM, Tsai HJ, Chang YT, Kuo YM. (2007). Treadmill exercise counteracts the suppressive effects of peripheral lipopolysaccharide on hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory. J Neurochem. 103(6) : 2471-2481.
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