ความชุก ปัจจัยเสี่ยง และผลลัพธ์ระยะสั้นของทารกแรกเกิดน้ำหนักน้อยที่คลอดหลัง มีการระบาดของโรคโควิด 19 ในโรงพยาบาลตติยภูมิแห่งหนึ่งในภาคเหนือของประเทศไทย

Apiraya Panthong

Authors

Apiraya Panthong Faculty of Nursing, Northern College

Keywords:

low birth weight, gestational hypertension, premature birth, nutrition in pregnancy, quality criteria of antenatal visits

Abstract

This retrospective, matched case-control study aimed to assess the prevalence and determine maternal factors and short-term outcomes associated with low birth weight in neonates born after the COVID-19 outbreak at a tertiary hospital in northern Thailand between October 1, 2022, and April 30, 2023. The sample group consisted of 183 Thai women aged 15 years and above, giving birth to singleton and alive newborns. The samples were also 61 babies with low birth weight (LBW) and 122 babies with normal birth weight. Data were collected using a data recording form created by the researcher and checked for content validity by 3 experts, with a CVI value calculated to be .87. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression.

The results showed that the prevalence of low birth weight was 9.32%. Maternal risk factors that increased the chance of low birth weight included: weight gain during pregnancy < .50 kg/week increases the chance of LBW .21 times (OR = .21; 95%CI = .09 - .61, p = .000), prenatal care according to quality criteria < 5 times increases the chance of LBW .03 times (OR = .30; 95%CI = .15 - .58,
p = .000), obstetric complications increase the chance of LBW 3.10 times (OR = 3.10; 95%CI = .25 - 79.61, p = .007), and prenatal complications increase the chance of LBW 21 times (OR = 21.00; 95%CI = 2.56 - 171.93, p = .001). Infants with low birth weight had a .10 time increased risk of having Apgar scores < 7 in the 1st and 5th minutes (OR = .10; 95%CI = .02 - .38, p = .001), risk of hypoglycemia increased 7.77 times (OR = 7.77; 95%CI = 2.00 - 29.45, p = .003), risk of severe hypoxia/ventilation with CPAP/ET tube increased 19.35 times (OR = 19.35; 95%CI = 5.46 - 68.52, p = .000), and they would be transferred to the NICU 12.35 times higher (OR = 12.35; 95%CI = 3.95 - 38.55, p = .000) when compared to newborns with normal birth weight.

Health personnel should increase efficiency in caring for pregnant women by assessing risk factors for low birth weight, promoting quality prenatal care, enhancing nutrition during pregnancy, and providing advice on self-care to reduce the chance of low birth weight. This will help reduce complications that cause illness, disability, and death among infants and young children in this region.

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