Effectiveness of Health Behavior Modification Program Using Motivational Interviewing in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Umphang Hospital

Abstract

This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effectiveness of health behavior modification program using motivational interviewing in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, Umphang Hospital. The sample consisted of 60 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received treatment at the diabetes mellitus and hypertension clinic of Umphang Hospital, Tak Province. The patients were equally divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The research instruments included a health behavior modification program using motivational interviewing in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, Umphang Hospital; a questionnaire on personal information; a questionnaire on sweet, fatty, and salty food consumption behaviors with the reliabilities in the range of .71–.79; a questionnaire on exercise behavior with a reliability of .89, and a record form regarding FPG and HbA1c. The implementation and data collection were conducted from January to April 2025. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, median, interquartile range, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test.

The research results revealed that 1) after the experiment, the experimental group had statistically significantly lower scores on sweet food consumption behavior, fatty food consumption behavior, salty food consumption behavior, FPG, and HbA1c than before the experiment (Z = -3.626, p < .001; Z = -3.626, p < .001; Z = -2.828, p < .01; Z = -3.515, p < .001; and Z = -3.718, p < .001, respectively). Also, the experimental group had a statistically significantly higher score on exercise behavior (Z = -3.464, p < .01); and 2) after the experiment, the experimental group had statistically significantly lower scores on sweet food consumption behavior, fatty food consumption behavior, salty food consumption behavior, FPG, and HbA1c than the control group (Z = -4.343, p < .001; Z = -3.700, p < .001; Z = -4.008, p < .001; Z = -2.056, p < .05; and Z = -2.109, p < .05, respectively). In addition, the experimental group had a statistically significantly higher score on exercise behavior than the control group (Z = -3.214, p < .01).

This research suggests that healthcare personnel should implement this health behavior modification program using motivational interviewing to care for diabetes mellitus patients. This approach may help the patients achieve remission and improve their quality of life.