Lessons Learned on Quality Improvement of Primary Care Units in Bangkok

Abstract

Public Health Centers (PHCs) play a crucial role in providing health services for People in Bangkok.  Public Health Nursing Division under Department of Health, Bangkok Metropolitan is the main responsible division for continuous quality improvement of the primary care units. Objective: This study aims to analyze personnel experiences and synthesize a modern PHC quality improvement model. A lesson-learned approach was conducted from January to April 2026 using After-Action Review (AAR) and the PDCA framework.  Key Informants included five specialized staff: one supervisor, three practitioners, and one observer who worked in the Public Health Nursing Division.  Internal peer review was done by two evaluators to ensure data validation. Results: The findings revealed that knowledge, skills, and experiences in public health center quality improvement were analyzed and synthesized into a novel model for public health center quality development. The synthesized model highlighted supportive policy, allocated budgets, and executive commitment as key strengths. Additional strengths were identified as team readiness, mentorship structuring, and participatory observation.  However, challenges included quality sustainability risks due to leadership rotations, alongside high volumes of redundant, unintegrated, and low-value documentation. Conclusion:  Primary care units can leverage these findings as a strategic framework to optimize healthcare service quality.