Urinary Cypermethrin Metabolites and Acute Health Effects of Sugarcane Farmers in Nakorn Sawan province
Keywords:
Cypermethrin, Sprayers, Farmers, Chemicals Used, PesticideAbstract
Cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, was used as an insecticide in homes and agriculture. This cross-sectional study aimed to measure cypermethrin metabolites in the urine of 47 sugarcane farmers in Nakhon Sawan province at different periods: before spraying, end of spraying event and the next day of spraying. This study measured 2 groups of metabolites, including 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis,trans-DCCA) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Health effects after spraying were examined using a questionnaire The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, geometric mean, and repeated measure ANOVA.
Results showed that the geometric mean of urinary total cypermethrin metabolites were 108.56, 190.01, and 212.98 nmole/g creatinine at the day before spraying, end of spraying, and next day after spraying, respectively. The farmers having abnormal symptoms of stagger and exhaustion had significantly higher cypermethrin metabolites than those did not (p<0.05).
It can be concluded that cypermethrin sprayers can be highly exposed to cypermethrin. Personal protective equipment should be used by farmers when using pesticide to prevent health effects or abnormal symptoms.
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