The effects of health literacy development and social support program on behaviors and hematocrit levels among pregnant women with Iron deficiency anemia
Keywords:
pregnant women, irondeficiencyanemia, health literacy, social supportAbstract
This quasi-experimental research aimed to investigatethe effects of health literacy development
and social support program on behaviors and hematocrit levels among pregnant women with iron deficiency
anemia.Sample were 60 pregnant women withanemia, whohadhematocrit<33%and wereat 20 to 26 weeks
of gestation. They were divided into two groups, either the treatment group or the control group, 30 people
for eachgroup. Treatmentgroupreceivedthe 8 weekhealthliteracydevelopment andsocial supportprogram
withcaregiverparticipation. Theprogram consistedof sevenactivities: 1) access toinformation, 2)gaining
understanding, 3)followupvialineapplication, 4)askingforbettercommunication, 5)recordingcommitment,
6) home visit, and 7) evaluation of success. Activities for implementation included provision of knowledge
through video media; health literacy skill training in accessing online websites, application downloading,
groupdiscussion,knowledgeevaluationandrecordingofrememberingformedicationtaking;remidercalendar;
and mannual for practice. Participant’s caregivers also participated in all activities for 8 weeks. The control
group received routine standard antenatal care. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.
The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, median and IQR.
Comparison within group was analyzed using paired t-test, and Wilcoxon match paired signed ranks test.
Comparison between group (both before and after the experiment) was performed using independent t-test
and Mann- Whitney U test.Statistical significance was consideredat 0.05 andconfidence at 95%.
Results showedthat after the experiment, the treatmentgrouphadsignificantlyhigher meanscoreof
all six dimension of health literacy than before the experiment and than the control group (p-value <0.001).
In addition, after the experiment, the treatment group had significantly higher mean score of practices
regarding reduction of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy than before the experiment (t =9.37;
p-value < 0.001; 95% CI: 5.34-8.32) and than the control group (t =7.29; p-value <0.001; 95% CI:5.32-9.34). Hematocrit levelsof the treatmentgroupafter the experiment was alsosignificantlyhigher than before the experiment andhigher thanthe controlgroup(Median =34.00; IQR=2.00;p-value <0.001).
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