Relation of cannabinoid and cerebrovascular disease: Review article
Keywords:
cannabinoids, incidence of stroke, mechanism of cannabinoid related stroke, efficacy of cannabinoidAbstract
Until present, cannabinoid from either phytocannabinoid or synthetic cannabinoid were under investigated in various medical conditions in clinical trials. Cannabinoid which had been using and was approved to use in neurological disease such as for treatment resistance epilepsy, spasticity in multiple sclerosis, and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. Apart from being used for medical condition, cannabinoid and cannabis were used as drug abused or for other recreational medicine. The number of case reports and case-series in patient presented with symptom of adverse event from cannabis and medical cannabinoid was
increased. Common disease which report concurrent with cannabis use was cerebrovascular event. Wolf, et al report the event of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack which were related to cannabis user. Most patient were categorized as young population who had no underlying disease or any other stroke related risk factors. By binding to the cannabinoid receptor 1, cannabinoid increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, activativated platelet function, activativated platelet aggregation, inducing the vasospasm of cerebral blood vessel and consequently lead to stroke. Additionally, there were publications that used cannabinoid as a neuroprotective agent to prevent neuronal death and prolongation of cell death from
ischemia but all of these publications were study in vitro and in animal study.
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