Visual outcomes and surgical efficiency in cataract surgery: a comparison of extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification techniques at Sri Sangwan Hospital, Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand
Keywords:
phacoemulsification, extracapsular cataract extraction, efficiency, visual outcomeAbstract
Introduction: Cataracts are the primary cause of blindness in the Thai population, significantly affecting quality of life and the country's economy. Cataracts predominantly affect the elderly. Cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation are crucial in enhancing visual capacity and reducing blindness caused by cataracts.
Objectives: To study the efficacy of cataract surgery using extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) compared to phacoemulsification (Phaco) at Srisangwal Hospital in Mae Hong Son Province.
Research methodology: This research employed a prospective study with a non-randomised design, comparing participants undergoing cataract surgery with ECCE and Phaco techniques at Srisangwal Hospital. Participants were recruited by purposive sampling consisted of 34 participants in each group. Data were collected from June 1 to December 31, 2023. Data analysis was performed using independent t-tests and Chi-square tests with SPSS version 26.
Results: The study included 68 cataract patients (34 in the ECCE group and 34 in the Phaco group), aged between 71-80 years and 61-70 years, with proportions of 33.8% and 32.3%, respectively. The gender distribution was 47.1% male and 52.9% female, with 50% undergoing right eye surgery. All participants in both groups had severe visual loss or worse before surgery. Postoperative visual acuity comparisons showed that the Phaco group had significantly better visual outcomes than the ECCE group at 1 day, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks post-surgery, with statistical significance at p=0.004, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.001, respectively.
Conclusion: Phacoemulsification is more effective than extracapsular cataract extraction for cataract surgery. Appropriate screening for cataract surgery should be considered to reduce cataract-related blindness and improve vision and quality of life.
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