Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnant women attending their first antenatal care visit
Keywords:
anemia, pregnant women, prevalence, associated factorsAbstract
Introduction: Anemia is a common problem in pregnant women. Various factors affecting the development of anemia have been reported in different studies. However, there are no reports of factors associated with anemia in pregnant women from Chiang Dao Hospital. This study can help in developing care models for pregnant women with anemia.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnant women attending their first antenatal care visit.
Research methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on pregnant women who had their first antenatal care visits at the antenatal room of Chiang Dao Hospital and sub-district health-promoting hospitals in Chiang Mai province. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire from January to April 2023. Demographic data, obstetric history, and knowledge about anemia in pregnant women were recorded. Laboratory records included hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and hemoglobin typing. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, the Exact Probability Test, and multivariable logistic regression.
Results: A total of 211 pregnant women participated, with a mean age of 27.75 ± 7.39 years. The mean hemoglobin value was 12.14 ± 1.44 g/dl. There were 31 cases of anemia (14.7%). Among these cases, 29% were iron deficiency, 12.9% had the HbE trait, 12.9% had the beta thalassemia trait, 3.23% had homozygous HbE, and 3.23% had HbH disease. Statistically significant factors associated with anemia in pregnant women were an age of 35 years or more (Adj. OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.06-0.56), having the first antenatal care visit in the third trimester (Adj. OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.24), and the level of knowledge about the causes and diagnosis of anemia (Adj. OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.39-0.90).
Conclusion: Factors associated with reduced anemia in pregnant women included being 35 years of age or older, having the first antenatal care visit in the third trimester, and having a higher level of knowledge about the causes and diagnosis of anemia.
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