Investigation on the Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among COVID-19 Patients in the Chiang Mai Field Hospital
Keywords:
COVID-19, Prevalence, Anxiety, Depression, Field hospitalAbstract
While numerous studies reported high prevalence of anxiety and depression among a mixed group of COVID-19 patients with severe, mild and non-symptoms, studies of mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 patients are still limited. This study investigated the prevalence of anxiety and depression, and risk factors among COVID-19 patients with mild or non-symptoms admitted in the Chiang Mai field hospital. This research was a cross-sectional study of 413 cases of COVID-19 patients and data was collected with online Thai version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires from September to October 2021. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, distribution and percentage) and analysis of variant (ANOVA) to determine correlation between risk factors, and anxiety and depression. The prevalence of anxiety and depression during admission in the Chiang Mai field hospital was 1.0% and 4.8%, respectively, and risk factors contributing anxiety were being female (p-value = 0.035) and patients with comorbidities (p-value = 0.033). On the other hands, patients with academic degrees lower than bachelor’s degree (p-value = 0.007) and with income not exceeding 10,000 baht per month (p-value = 0.041) were risk factors for depression. Based on the results in this study, it suggests that the prevalence of anxiety and depression is likely low among COVID-19 patients with mild or non-symptom and the results can be useful as a guidance for mental disorder management among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in field hospitals.
References
Platto S, Xue T, Carafoli E. COVID19: an announced pandemic. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11(9):799. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02995-9.
World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Weekly Epidemiological Update and Weekly Operational Update [Internet]. America: World Health Organization; c2022 [Cited 2021 August 1]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports
กระทรวงสาธารณสุข, กรมควบคุมโรค. สถานการณ์ผู้ติดเชื้อ COVID-19 อัพเดทรายวัน [อินเทอร์เน็ต]. นนทบุรี: กรมควบคุมโรค; c2562 [เข้าถึงเมื่อ 26 กรกฎาคม 2564]. เข้าถึงได้จาก: https://ddc.moph.go.th/covid19-dashboard/
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507–13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001.
Pungpapong G, Kalayasiri R. Depression and anxiety plus levels of stress among secondary school students during the COVID-19 lockdown: an online cross- sectional survey. Journal of Health Science and Medical Research. 2022;40(2):157-71. doi: 10.31584/jhsmr. 2021824.
Kaya Y, Bostan S, Kaya A, Karaman Ö, Karataş A, Dereli S. Effect of COVID- 19 pandemic on anxiety, depression and intention to go to hospital in chronic patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2021; 75(7):e14219. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14219.
Li W, Zhao N, Yan X, Zou S, Wang H, Li Y, et al. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their associations with quality of life among clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11(1):75. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01196-y.
Shaukat N, Ali DM, Razzak J. Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review. Int J Emerg Med. 2020;13(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12245-020-00299-5.
Liu C, Pan W, Li L, Li B, Ren Y, Ma X. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms among patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of quality effects model. J Psychosom Res. 2021;147:110516. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110516.
Dorman Illan S, Hertz-Palmor N, Brand-Gothelf A, Hasson-Ohayon I, Matalon N, Gross R, et al. Anxiety and depression symptom in COVID-19 isolated patients and in their relatives. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:581598. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.581598
Moayed MS, Vahedian-Azimi A, Mirmomeni G, Rahimi-Bashar F, Goharimoghadam K, Pourhoseingholi MA, et al. Depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1321:229-36. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_19
Nilchaikovit T, Lotrakul M, Phisansuthideth U. Development of Thai version of hospital anxiety and depression scale in cancer patients. J Psychiatr Assoc Thai. 1996;4:18-30.
Thaweerat W, Pongpirul WA, Prasithsirikul W. Assessment of anxiety and depression among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Thailand during the first wave of the pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2021;57(1):106. doi: 10.1186/s41983-021-00362-9.
Rahman MH, Banik G, Ahmed A, Arifeen SE, Hossain AT, Hasan MA, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients admitted to three isolation facilities in Bangladesh. Health Psycol Open. 2021;8(2):20551029211046106. doi:10.1177/20551029211046106
Li X, Tian J, Xu Q. The associated factors of anxiety and depressive symptom in COVID-19 patient hospitalized in Wuhan, China. Psychiatr Q. 2021;92(3):879-87. doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09865-9.
Deng J, Zhou F, Hou W, Silver Z, Wong CY, Chang O, et al. The prevalence of depression anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2021;1486(1):90-111. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14506.
Dai LL, Wang X, Jiang TC, Li PF, Wang Y, Wu SJ, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0238416. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238416.
Zainal Deen N, Al-Sharafi A, Abdalla M, Mushtaha M, Mohamed A, Saleem S, et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety among male patients with COVID-19 in Lebsayyer Field Hospital, Qatar. Qatar Med J. 2021;2021(3):68. doi: 10.5339/qmj.2021.68.
Lerthattasilp T, Kosulwit L, Phanasathit M, Nuallaong W, Tapanadechopone P, Thanetnit C, et al. Psychological impacts on patients with COVID-19 in Thai field hospital. Arc Clin Psychiatr. 2020; 47(6):215-17.
Fitzgerald PJ. Serious infection may systemically increase noradrenergic signaling and profuce psychological effects. Med Hypotheses. 2020;139:109692. doi: 10.1016/j.methy.2020.109692
Zhang J, Yang Z, Wang X, Li J, Dong L, Wang F, et al. The relationship between resilience, anxiety and depression among patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study. J Cli Nurs. 2020;29(21-22): 4020-9. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15425
Mazza MG, Lorenzo RD, Conte C, Poletti S, Vai B, Bollettini I, et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:594-600.
Eaton NR, Keyes KM, Krueger RF, Balsis S, Skodol AE, Markon KE, et al. An invariant dimensional liability model of gender differences in mental disorder prevalence: evidence from a national Sample. J Abnorm Psychol. 2012;121(1): 282–8. doi: 10.1037/a0024780.
Kong X, Kong F, Zheng K, Tang M, Chen Y, Zhou J, et al. Effect of psychological-behavioral intervention on the depression and anxiety of COVID-19 patients. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:586355. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586355.
Hall LR, Sanchez K, da Grada B, Bennett MM, Powers M, Warren AM. Income difference and COVID-19: impact on daily life and mental health. Popul Health Manag. 2021;0(0):1-8. doi: 10.1089/pop.2021.0214.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Nakornping Hospital
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The articles that had been published in the journal is copyright of Journal of Nakornping hospital, Chiang Mai.
Contents and comments in the articles in Journal of Nakornping hospital are at owner’s responsibilities that editor team may not totally agree with.
