Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Auditory and Speech Development in Pre-Lingual Deaf Children After Cochlear Implantation
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Abstract
Introduction: A cochlear implant (CI) is an electronic device provided for deaf patients. Congenitally deaf children generally have delayed speech and language development due to hearing impairment. The aim after implantation is for patients to have speech development the same as normal-hearing children and to be able to communicate with other people by verbal language. However, some children provided with a CI at Siriraj Hospital were still unable to use spoken language and had delayed speech and language development. This study aimed to examine factors that affected the outcomes after cochlear implantation at Siriraj Hospital.
Methods: Sixty pre-lingual deaf children with CI were included in the research, which was a retrospective study. Three main related factors, consisting of age at implantation, duration of hearing deprivation, and multiple disabilities, were reviewed that affected the development in CI patients. The data were collected from Siriraj's outpatient department (OPD) documents between 1 January 2014 and 31 October 2022. The auditory and speech developments of participants in this study were compared with developmental milestones.
Results: The findings showed that 14 patients had auditory and speech developments similar to children with normal hearing (23.3%), and 46 samples experienced delayed developments (76.7%). The duration of auditory deprivation showed significant differences between successful and unsuccessful patients (p-value<0.05), while ages at implantation and multi-disabilities were not statistically different.
Conclusion: The significant factor affecting the auditory and speech development of CI patients from Siriraj Hospital was the duration of auditory deprivation. Samples who had periods of auditory deprivation more than or equal to 1.5 years tended to be more unsuccessful than those ages less than 1.5 years by 5.5 times.
Keywords: Cochlear implant, Auditory deprivation, Hearing loss, Pre-lingual Deafness, Speech development
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