In vitro Effect of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Rice Strain Extracts in Sa Kaeo Province on the Prevention of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation and Aggregation
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Abstract
Introduction: Kidney stone is a worldwide urological problem affecting human health, with a recurrence rate of up to 50%. It contains a multi-process involving crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation. Using substances to interfere with these processes may be useful in reducing recurrent stone formation. The study aimed to investigate the inhibition effect of local colored rice strain extracts from Sa Kaeo Province on the formation and aggregation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in vitro
Methods: Black rice, black glutinous rice, and red rice strains were extracted using hexane and ethanol, called lipophilic and hydrophilic rice extracts, respectively. Rice extracts at different concentrations (10–400 µg/ml) were incubated with the CaOx crystal solution overnight. The number of CaOx crystals was counted and the percentage inhibition of CaOx crystal formation and aggregation was calculated. Statistical analysis with a significant difference was considered at a=0.05.
Results: All three rice extracts significantly decreased the number of CaOx crystal formation and aggregation. Using hexane extract, the red rice showed the highest inhibition of CaOx crystal formation, whereas the black glutinous rice showed the highest inhibition of CaOx crystal formation among the three rice strains' ethanol extracts. In addition, black glutinous rice had the strongest inhibition of the crystal aggregation among the three rice strains' hexane extracts, whereas black rice showed the highest inhibition among the three rice strains' ethanol extracts. Conclusion: Black glutinous rice containing lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules was most effective in inhibiting the formation and aggregation of CaOx crystals. This study can be applied to the development of a supplemental product to prevent kidney stone formation.
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