C24. Effect of Thai herbal recipes on the immune system in streptozotocin-induced diabetic retired breeder mice
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: The deterioration of the immune system occurs with increasing age. Additionally, impaired insulin secretion and decreased insulin sensitivity are associated with aging. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is related to immune dysfunction that causes the elderly with diabetes to have a higher risk of infection. Herbal-based treatments are one of the therapeutic strategies for reducing blood glucose and also rejuvenating the immune system to improve the quality of life of the elderly.
Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of two Thai herbal recipes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic aging mouse model. Recipe 1 consisted of M. cochinchinensis, C. ternatea, and G. inodorum (1:1:1). Recipe 2 substituted C. zeylanicum for G. inodorum.
Methods: Thirty-week-old male mice with diabetes induced by STZ were orally administered with Thai herbal recipes at the doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg for 28 days. Blood glucose monitoring was performed on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. After 28 days, mice were sacrificed, spleen and thymus were weighed. The peripheral white blood cell count and differential were measured.
Results: Treatment with both herbal recipes lowered blood sugar levels, however, the body weight loss could not improve in diabetic aging mice. Relative thymus weight seemed to increase in diabetic aging mice treated with a low dose of herbal recipe 1 and a high dose of herbal recipe 2. Additionally, diabetic aging mice treated with a low dose of herbal recipe 1 significantly increased relative spleen weight, whereas treatment with herbal recipe 2 at low and middle doses tended to decrease relative spleen weight. Treatment with both herbal recipes caused the diabetic aging mice to have a lower peripheral monocyte count. Nonetheless, treatment with a high dose of herbal recipe 1 significantly increased peripheral white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, and basophil counts.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated the immunomodulatory and hypoglycemic effects of two Thai herbal recipes in diabetic aging mice. Interestingly, Thai herbal recipe 1 tended to be able to boost the immune system.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
JHSAM publishes all articles in full open access, meaning unlimited use and reuse of articles with appropriate credit to the authors.
All our articles are published under a Creative Commons "CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0". License which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium,
provided that the original work is properly cited and is used for noncommercial purposes.
References
World Health Organization. (2018). Ageing and health [online]. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health [2020, Mar. 8].
Longo, M., Bellastella, G., Maiorino, M. I., Meier, J. J., Esposito, K. & Giugliano, D. (2019). Diabetes and Aging: From Treatment Goals to Pharmacologic Therapy. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10(45).
Sun, H., Saeedi, P., Karuranga, S., Pinkepank, M., Ogurtsova, K., Duncan, B. B., Stein, C., Basit, A., Chan, C. N. J., Mbanya, J. C., Pavkov, M. E., Ramachandaran, A., Wild, S. H., James, S., Herman, W. H., Zhang, P., Bommer, C., Kuo, S., Boyko, E. J. & Magliano, D. J. (2022). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 183.
Aiello, A., Farzaneh, F., Candore, G., Caruso, C., Davinelli, S., Gambino, M. C., Ligotti, M. E., Zareian, N. & Accardi1, G. (2019). Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention. Frontiers in Immunology, 10.
Ventura, M. T., Casciaro, M., Gangemi, S., & Buquicchio, R. (2017). Immunosenescence in aging: between immune cells depletion and cytokines up-regulation. Clinical and Molecular Allergy, 15(1).
Elias, R., Hartshorn, K., Rahma, O., Lin, N., & Snyder-Cappione, J. E. (2018). Aging, immune senescence, and immunotherapy: A comprehensive review. Seminars in Oncology.
Tsoi, A. Y.-K., NG, T.-B., & Fong, W.-P. (2006). Immunomodulatory activity of a chymotrypsin inhibitor from Momordica cochinchinensis seeds. Journal of Peptide Science, 12(9), 605–611.
Thakur, A. S., Kshirsagar S., & Kshirsagar J. (2015) Immunomodulatory and Antioxidative Properties of Clitoria ternatea. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 10(2),158-162.
Niphade, S. R., Asad, M., Chandrakala, G. K., Toppo, E., & Deshmukh, P. (2009). Immunomodulatory activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(12), 1168–1173.
Nkambo, W., Anyama, N., & Onegi, B. (2014). In vivo hypoglycemic effect of methanolic fruit extract of Momordica charantia L. African Health Sciences, 13(4), 933–939.
Daisy, P., & Rajathi, M. (2009). Hypoglycemic Effects of Clitoria ternatea Linn. (Fabaceae) in Alloxan-induced Diabetes in Rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8(5), 393–398.
Shimizu, K., Ozeki, M., Tanaka, K., Itoh, K., Nakajyo, S., Urakawa, N., & Atsuchi, M. (1997). Suppression of Glucose Absorption by Extracts from the Leaves of Gymnema inodorum. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 59(9), 753–757.
Taher, M., Abdul Majid, F. A., & Sarmidi, M. R. (2006). A Proanthocyanidin From Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Stimulates Phosphorylation Of Insulin Receptor In 3T3–L1 Adipocytes. Jurnal Teknologi, 44(1), 53–68.
Tian, D., Liu, J., Liu, N., Wang, R., Ai, Y., Jin, L., Li, F., Wei, P., Li, Z., Wang, C. & Zhang, W. (2016). Daidzin decreases blood glucose and lipid in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15(11), 2435-2443.
Mai, H. C., Trunonng, V. & Debaste, F. (2013). Optimisation of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Oil Rich in Carotenoids from Gac Fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.). Food Technology and Biotechnology, 51(4), 488-499.
Fachinello, M. R., Fernandes, N. L. M., de Souto, E. R., dos Santos, T. C., da Costa, A. E. R. & Pozza, P. C. (2018). Lycopene affects the immune responses of finishing pigs. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 17(3), 666–674.
Chew, B. P. (1993). Role of Carotenoids in the Immune Response. Journal of Dairy Science, 76(9), 2804–2811.
Zhu1, R., Chen1, B., Bai1, Y., Miao1, T., Rui1, L., Zhang1, H., Xia1, B., Li, Y., Gao, S., Wang, X.-D. & Zhang, D. (2020). Lycopene in Protection Against Obesity and Diabetes: A Mechanistic Review. Pharmacological Research, 159(1).
Marcelino, G., Machate, D. J., Freitas, K. de C., Hiane, P. A., Maldonade, I. R., Pott, A., Asato, M. A., Candido, C. J. & Guimarães, R. de C. A. (2020). β-Carotene: Preventive Role for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: A Review. Molecules, 25(24).
Oguis, G. K., Gilding, E. K., Jackson, M. A. & Craik, D. J. (2019). Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea), a Cyclotide-Bearing Plant With Applications in Agriculture and Medicine. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10.
Lila, M. A. (2004). Anthocyanins and Human Health: An In Vitro Investigative Approach. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2004(5), 306–313.
Les, F., Cásedas, G., Gómez, C., Moliner, C., Valero, M. S., López, V. (2021). The role of anthocyanins as antidiabetic agents: from molecular mechanisms to in vivo and human studies. Physiology and Biochemistry, 77(1), 109-131.
Srinuanchai, W., Nooin, R., Pitchakarn, P., Karinchai, J., Suttisansanee, U., Chansriniyom, C., Jarussophon, S., Temviriyanukul, P. & Nuchuchua, O. (2020). Inhibitory effects of Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne leaf extracts and its triterpene saponin on carbohydrate digestion and intestinal glucose absorption. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 226.
Trang, D. T., Yen, D. T. H., Cuong, N. T., Anh, L. T., Hoai, N. T., Tai, B. H., Doan, V. V., Yen, P. H., Quang, T. H., Nhiem, N. X., Minh, C. V. & Kiem, P. V. (2019). Pregnane glycosides from Gymnema inodorum and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Natural Product Research, 35(13), 1-7.
Taher, M., Abdul Majid, F. A. & Sarmidi, M. R. (2006). A proanthocyanidin from cinnamomum zeylanicum stimulates phosphorylation of insulin receptor in 3t3-l1 adipocytes. Jurnal Teknologi, 44, 53-68.
Andersen-Civil, A. I. S., Arora, P. & Williams, A. R. (2021). Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Frontiers in Immunology, 12.
Yang, C.-L., Wu, H.-C., Hwang, T.-L., Lin, C.-H., Cheng, Y.-H., Wang, C.-C., Kan, H.-L., Kuo, Y.-H., Chen, I.-S., Chang, H.-S. & Lin, Y.-C. (2020). Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activity Constituents from the Stem of Cinnamomum validinerve. Molecules, 25(15).
Li, X., Liu, J., Chang, Q., Zhou, Z., Han, R. & Liang, Z. (2021). Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Proanthocyanidins from Fagopyrum dibotrys. Molecules, 26(9).
Graham, M. L., Janecek, J. L., Kittredge, J. A., Hering, B. J. & Schuurman, H.-J. (2011). The Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nude Mouse Model: Differences between Animals from Different Sources. Comparative Medicine, 61(4), 356-360.
Hayashi, K., Kojima, R. & Ito, M. (2006). Strain Differences in the Diabetogenic Activity of Streptozotocin in Mice. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 29(6), 1110–1119.
Correia, S., Carvalho, C., Santos, M., Seica, R., Oliveira, C. & Moreira, P. I. (2008). Mechanisms of Action of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Complications: An Overview. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 8(13), 1343–1354.
Fajardo, R. J., Karim, L., Calley, V. I. & Bouxsein, M. L. (2014). A Review of Rodent Models of Type 2 Diabetic Skeletal Fragility. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 29(5), 1025–1040.
Thapa, P. & Farber, D. L. (2019). The Role of the Thymus in the Immune Response. Thoracic Surgery Clinics, 29(2), 123–131.
Lewis, S. M., Williams, A., & Eisenbarth, S. C. (2019). Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen. Science Immunology, 4(33).
Tigner, A., Ibrahim, S. A. & Murray, I., Histology, White Blood Cell, StatPearls, November, 2021.
Qureshi, A. S., Ghaffor, J., Usman, M., Ehsan, N., Umar, Z. & Sarfraz, A., 2019. Effect of ethanolic preparations of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract on hematologic and histometric parameters of selected organs in Alloxan® induced diabetic female albino rats. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. 18 (2), 505–512.