C19. Effects of Extraction Solvents on Red Pigment, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Red Mold Rice Extracts
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Abstract
Introduction: Red mold rice is the rice cultivated by Monascus species that has long been used as natural color in traditional foods. It contains various bioactive compounds and has high potential biological activities of such antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. It could be interesting for extraction of bioactive compounds using various solvents.
Objective: This research was aimed to study effects of solvents on red pigment, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of red mold rice extracts.
Methods: Red mold rice was prepared by cultivating Monascus purpureus (M. Purpureus) under solid state fermentation method. The red mold rice was extracted with different 6 different solvents, i.e., DI water, 50% ethanol, 95% ethanol, 50% acetone, acetone, and ethyl acetate. Red pigment intensity was determined by colorimetric measurement. The total phenolic, and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP.
Results: The result revealed that solvent types had significant effect on red pigment and phenolic compounds extractions, as well as antioxidant capacity of red mold rice extracts (p<0.05). The red mold rice extracted by ethyl acetate had the highest pigment intensity of 6,526.67 ± 100.66 unit/g extracts. Moreover, the highest total phenolic (78.13 ± 1.92 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid contents (97.10 ± 0.85 mg QE/g extract) was achieved by ethyl acetate while the lowest values were gained in the presence of water. The potential antioxidant activities expressed in terms of IC50 and FRAP value were reached to 12.63 ± 1.01 µg/mL, and 180.77 ± 7.70 mg TEAC/g extract, respectively, in the presence of ethyl acetate.
Conclusion: The properties of red mold extracts were strongly influenced by the type of solvent. Among of solvent tested, ethyl acetate was considered the potential solvent providing the highest red pigment, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity. There are strong correlations among red pigment, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of red mold rice extracts.
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