Burden and Factors Associated with Hypertension Among the Adult Population of the Lisu Hill Tribe, Northern Thailand
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Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension (HT) is a serious silent disease that can lead to difficult complications, particularly in individuals living with unhealthy behaviors and those with poor socioeconomic status. The Lisu hill tribe in Thailand is vulnerable to HT due to their poor socioeconomic status.
Objective: This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of HT and identify the factors associated with HT among the Lahu hill tribe population aged 30 years and over in Thailand.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim of assessing several factors relevant to the sociodemographic and health behaviors of participants, including the assessment of HT using a validated questionnaire and a manual sphygmomanometer. Five of the 35 Lisu hill tribe villages in the Chiang Rai province were randomly selected. All the individuals in selected villages aged 30 years and over were invited to provide the information after obtaining a written informed consent on voluntary basis. A 5 mL blood specimen was collected for testing lipid profiles. Logistic regression was used to detect the associations at a significance level of a=0.05.
Results: A total of 282 participants were recruited in the study; 61.3% were women and 69.5% were aged between 40 and 69 years. Most participants were married (78.4%), and never attended a school (74.0%), and Buddhist (72.7%). A large proportion of participants was working as farmers (57.4%); 70.9% had an income of less than 50,000 baht (1,515 USD) per year per family, and 22.0% reported having family debt. The overall prevalence of HT was 31.6%. After controlling for age, sex, marital status, and religion in the multivariable model, two factors were found to be associated with HT among the Lisu adult population in Thailand. Participants who reported using a low volume of monosodium glutamate were more likely to have HT than those who reported a high volume (AOR=2.87; 95%CI=1.35–6.12) and those who had normal levels of triglycerides were more likely to have HT than those who had high triglycerides (AOR=2.05; 95%CI=1.18–3.54).
Conclusion: The Lisu people in Thailand are living in a poor economic situation, have low education level, and mainly work in the agricultural sector. A large proportion of people suffer from HT; therefore, an effective public health program to improve health behaviors and adjusting their cooking practices could lead to a reduction in the burden of HT particularly in providing them a valid medical advice to use appropriate volume of monosodium glutamate and cooking oil in their daily life.
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