Prevalence and Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Meliitus Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Lisu Hill tribe People, Northern Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one most significant disease in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which is recoginized as a mjor helath threat for human globally. Hill tirbe people ar eliving in poor economic and education conditions and become one of the vulnerable population for T2DM particularly Lisu people who have unique in their life and cooking styles.
Objective: A study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determine factors associated with T2DM among the Lisu people aged 30 years and above in Chaing Rai province, Thailand.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was applied to collect the information from the Lisu participants aged 30 years and above who lived in five randomly selcted Lisu villages in Chiang Rai province. A validated questionnaire was used for collection information and also 5 mL blood specimen were drawn for laboratory testing. Data were collected during May-November 2018. Logistic regression was used to detecte the associations between variables at the significant level a=0.05.
Results: A total of 282 Lisu people were recruited into the study; 61.3% were females, 69.5% were aged 40-69 years, and 72.7% were Buddhist. Majority were illiterate (74.1%), agriculturalist (57.4%), and had a family income less than 50,000 baht per year (70.9%). The total prevalence of T2DM was 18.1%; 8.9% had a medical history of T2DM. Among those who had no medical history of T2DM, 10.1% were detected as new T2DM cases. After control for age, sex, income, and marital status, only the waistline was found to be assoacited with T2DM among Lisu tribe in Thailand. Those who had been defined as the risk for metabolic complication (≥ 90 cm in males, and ≥ 80 cm in females) had a greater likelihood to develop T2DM than those who were normal 2.20 time (95%CI= 1.16-4.16).
Conclusion: An effective public health screening for T2DM should be urgently implemented in the Lisu population in Thailand. Moreover, a proper public health intervention to those who have waistline problem in both sexes should be initiated.
Keywords: Prevalence, Factors associated, Type2DM, Lisu, Hill tribe
Article Details
JHSAM publishes all articles in full open access, meaning unlimited use and reuse of articles with appropriate credit to the authors.
All our articles are published under a Creative Commons "CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0". License which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium,
provided that the original work is properly cited and is used for noncommercial purposes.
References
[2] World Health Organization (WHO). WHO global meeting to accelerate progress on SDG target 3.4 on NCDs and mental health. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2019/12/09/default-calendar/ncds2019. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[3] World Health organization (WHO). Noncommunicable diseases: Key facts. Avialble from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[4] Thai Health Promotion Foundation. Noncommunicable diseases in Thailand, 2018. Avalaible from: https://www.thaihealth.or.th/microsite/categories/5/ncds/2/173/176-กลุ่มโรค+NCDs.html. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[5] Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Situation on NCDs preventionand control in Thailand, 2018. Available from: https://www.thaincd.com/document/file/download/paper-manual/NCDUNIATF61.pdf. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[6] Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Situation on NCDs preventionand control in Thailand, 2018. Available from: https://www.thaincd.com/document/file/download/paper-manual/NCDUNIATF61.pdf. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[7] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking and diabetes. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/50th-anniversary/pdfs/fs_smoking_diabetes_508.pdf. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[8] American Diabetes Association. Standards for medical care in diabetes 2019. Available from: https://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/content/diaclin/early/2018/12/16/cd18-0105.full.pdf. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[9] Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Ridell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, et al. Physical activity/excersie and diabestes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016; 39: 2065-79. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[10] Unwin DJ, Tobin SD, Murray SW, Delon C, Brady A. Substantial and sustained improvements in blood pressure, weight and lipid profiles from a carbohydrate restricted diet: an observatiuonal study on insulin resistant patients in primary care. International Journal of Environmental Resaerch and Public Health. 2019; 16 (2680). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152680. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[11] Aekplakorn W, Chariyalertsak S, Kessomboon P, Assanangkornchai S, Taneepanichskul S, Putwatana P. Prevalence of dibestes and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Thai population: National Health Examination Survey, 2004-2014. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2018; DOI: 1654530. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[12] Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Situation on NCDs preventionand control in Thailand, 2018. Available from: https://www.thaincd.com/document/file/download/paper-manual/NCDUNIATF61.pdf. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[13] Srivanichakorn S. Morbidity and mortality situation of non-communicable diseases (dibetes type 2 and cardiovascular diseases) in Thailand during 2010-2014. Disease Control Journal. 2017; 43(4): 379-90. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[14] Diabetes Association of Thailand under The Patronage of Her Royal Highness princess Maha Chakri Siridhorn. Clinicla practice guideline for diabetes 2017. Available from: https://www.dmthai.org/attachments/article/443/guideline-diabetes-care-2017.pdf. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[15] Apidechkul T. Prevalence and factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension among the hill tribe elderly populations in northern Thailand. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18: 694: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5607-2. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[16] Apidechkul T. A 20-year retrospective cohort study of TB infection among the Hill tribe HIV/AIDS populations, Thailand. BMC Infectious Disease 2016; 16:72. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[17] Apidechkul T. Epidemiology of Hill tribe HIV population, Thailand. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2016; 99(6): 702-10. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[18] Tamornpark R, Apidechkul T, Upala P, Inta C. Factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among the elderly hill tribe population in Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2017; 48(5): 1072-82. Assessed 23 Nov 2019
[19] Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health. Stress-5. Available from: https://www.dmh.go.th/test/qtest5/.
[20] The hill tribe welfare and development center, Chiang Rai province . Hill tribe population. The hill tribe welfare and development center. Chiang Rai: Ministry of Interior; 2016; 13–21.
[21] World Health Organization (WHO). Diabestes 2018. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes.
[22] Department of Disease Contyrol. Siuation of T2DM in Thailand, 2018. Available from: https://thaincd.com/document/file/download/paper-manual/Annual-report-2015.pdf
[23] Hsu CC, Lee CH, Wahlqvist ML, Huang HL, Chang HY, Chen L, et al. Proverty increases type 2 diabetes incidence and inequality of care despite universal health coverage. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35: 2286-92.
[24] Haghighatpanah M, Nejad ASM, Haghighatpanah M, Thuga G, Mallayasamy S. Factors that correlate with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patiesnt with complication. Osong Public Health and Resaerch Perspective. 2018; 9(4): 167-74.
[25] Sami W, Ansari T, Butt NS, Hamid MR. Effect of diet on type 2 diabestes mellitus: a review. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 11(2): 65-71.
[26] Nam GE, Han B, Joo CL, Kang SY, Lim J, Kim YH, et al. Poor control of blood glucose, life style, and cardiometabolic parameters in younger adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8: 1405. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091405.
[27] Wang S, Ma W, Yuan Z, Wang Z, Wang S, Yi X, et al. Association between obesity indices and type 2 diabetest mellitus among middle-aged and elderly people in Jinan, China, a cross sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016; 6(11): e012742.
[28] Al-Goblan AS, Al-Alfi MA, Khan MZ. Mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2014; 7: 587-91.
[29] Saboor AS, Reddy N, Smith E, Barber TM. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Internal Medicine: Open Access. 2014; S6. DOI: 10.417/2165-8048.