Evaluation of the Influenza Surveillance System in Nong Phok District Roi Et Province, Year 2023

Abstract

Influenza is a viral respiratory infection with an incidence rate of 405.1 per 100,000 population. Nong Phok Hospital has not previously conducted an evaluation of its influenza surveillance system. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to assess the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the influenza surveillance system in Nong Phok District. Data were collected through a review of patient medical records from January 1 to December 31, 2023, based on influenza diagnoses and other similar conditions. 

The study found that 44 cases met the ICD-10 definition of influenza, while 54 cases were reported in the 506 surveillance system. The system demonstrated a sensitivity of 4.96% and a positive predictive value of 81.48%. Data completeness was 100%, and accuracy in recording key variables between medical records and the 506 reports was also 100%. Specific data points, including gender, age, address, and nationality, were recorded with 100% accuracy. The accuracy of hospital visit dates and diagnosis dates was 95.45%, while symptom onset dates were correctly recorded in only 9.09% of cases. Representativeness and timeliness of reporting within three days were 100%. Qualitative findings indicated that while most healthcare personnel recognized the importance of influenza, there was a lack of understanding of the reporting system. There were no ward rounds, data were collected and submitted without analysis, and no warning system was in place. 

The surveillance system showed a sensitivity of 23.91% and a positive predictive value of 81.84%. However, low completeness and accuracy, a lack of understanding, and an absence of an alert system and structured workflow were identified as major challenges. Therefore, improvements should be made by implementing an alert system for cases meeting the influenza definition. Additionally, fever criteria should be revised to require a temperature above 38°C, and muscle pain should be included as a mandatory symptom.