Factors Associated with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Population Age 35 Years and over in Phu Waiang District, Khon Kaen Province

Abstract

The cross-sectional analytical study aims to examine the level of risk and factors associated with cardiovascular disease risk in the population aged 35 years and older in Phu Wiang District, Khon Kaen Province, with a sample size of 382 individuals selected through stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, which was validated for content by three experts. The reliability coefficients for Section 1 and Section 3 were Cronbach's Alpha values of 0.82 and 0.85. For Section 2, the Kr-20 value was 0.74. Section 4 utilized a standardized measurement tool. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics of the sample group and inferential statistics, specifically multiple logistic regression, to analyze the associations.

The study results revealed that the majority of participants had a moderate risk of cardiovascular disease, with 198 individuals (51.43%) in this category. Factors significantly associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease included gender, marital status, weight, waist circumference, pre-existing health conditions, and smoking behavior. Specifically, women were 3.90 times more likely to have cardiovascular disease than men (95% CI = 2.09 to 7.49, p-value < 0.001). Those who were married had a 2.63 times higher risk of cardiovascular disease compared to individuals who were single, divorced, or widowed (95% CI = 1.32 to 5.24, p-value = 0.006). Individuals weighing 63 kilograms or more had a 2.27 times higher risk compared to those weighing less than 63 kilograms (95% CI = 2.33 to 4.35, p-value = 0.015). People with a waist circumference greater than 85 centimeters had a 4.92 times higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to those with a waist circumference under 85 centimeters (95% CI = 2.54 to 9.64, p-value < 0.001). Individuals with pre-existing health conditions had a 5.62 times higher risk compared to those without such conditions (95% CI = 2.43 to 12.97, p-value < 0.001). Smoking behavior, including current and past smoking, increased the risk of cardiovascular disease by 3.47 times compared to non-smokers (95% CI = 1.25 to 9.60, p-value = 0.017). Therefore, to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, it is recommended to implement ongoing health promotion programs that encourage disease prevention behaviors based on the 3A2S principles.