Risk Factors Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Deaths in 2022, Health Region 7

Abstract

        This case-control study aimed to identify risk factors for mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The samples were confirmed SARS-COV-2 infection and hospitalization in Kalasin, Khon Kaen, Roi-Et, Maha Sarakham hospital during 1 January–31 December 2022. A total of 780 samples were included, 390 cases were deaths with COVID-19 and 390 controls were survivors. Data were collected by examined the medical records in hospitals, COVID-19 report and investigation form, and COVID-19 vaccination from MOPH-IC database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors related to COVID-19 deaths, adjusted OR and 95% confidence intervals were calculated risk of death. The results show that most of samples in death group were 233 males (59.7%). Two hundred and sixty eight cases (68.7%) were age group over 60 years, the mean age was 66.8 years (standard deviation=15.2). Three hundred and forty five cases (88.5%) of death group were abnormal chest x-ray, 339 cases (86.9%) with underlying diseases and 81 cases (20.8%) were obesity. In survivor group, most of patients were 217 females (55.6%). One hundred and fifty four cases (39.5%) were age group over 60 years, the mean age was 53.4 years (standard deviation=17.7). One hundred and thirteen cases (29.0%) of survivor group were abnormal chest x-ray, 212 cases (54.4%) with underlying diseases and 122 cases (31.1%) were obesity. Significant risk factors for COVID-19 death were not COVID-19 vaccinated (adj.OR=9.3, 95%CI=4.9–17.3), severe pneumonia (adj.OR=13.2, 95%CI=8.3–20.8), age group over 60 years (adj.OR=4.2, 95%CI=2.1–8.6), underlying diseases (adj.OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.3–3.5). Patients with chronic diseases such as cirrhosis (adj.OR=3.9, 95%CI=1.3–11.3), tuberculosis (adj.OR=3.3, 95%CI=1.7–6.6), asthma (adj.OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.1–6.6), cardiovascular diseases (adj.OR=2.7, 95%CI=1.6–4.8), chronic kidney disease (adj.OR=2.4, 95%CI=1.6–3.7), stroke (adj.OR=2.4, 95%CI=1.4–4.2) and hypertension (adj.OR=2.3, 95%CI=1.6–3.2).
        This research recommends that older people with pneumonia and chronic comorbidities such as cirrhosis, tuberculosis, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, asthma, and hypertension, including incomplete COVID-19 vaccination contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. Patients with these risk factors have to be monitored, screened, diagnosed and treated quickly. Both treating COVID-19 and comorbidities appropriately including receiving the COVID-19 vaccine to cover the criteria.