ความชุกและปัจจัยเสี่ยงที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการพลัดตกหกล้มของผู้สูงวัยในเขตมหาสารคาม

ผู้แต่ง

  • จตุพร เหลืองอุบล
  • สุมัทนา กลางคาร
  • วรพจน์ พรหมสัตยพจน์

คำสำคัญ:

การพลัดตกหกล้ม, ผู้สูงวัย, ความชุก

บทคัดย่อ

การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อประเมินความชุกและภาวะสุขภาพที่เกี่ยวข้องของการพลัดตกหกล้มในตัวอย่างผู้สูงวัยที่อาศัยอยู่ในชุมชนชนบทของจังหวัดมหาสารคาม การศึกษาภาคตัดขวางนี้นำมาใช้เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลด้วยการคัดเลือกแบบสุ่มอย่างเป็นระบบ โดยเป็นผู้สูงวัย 1,519 คน อายุตั้งแต่ 50 ปีขึ้นไป (อายุมัธยฐาน 59 ปี และ IQR=12) ซึ่งอาศัยอยู่ภายในเขตพื้นที่บริการสุขภาพปฐมภูมิ 10 ตำบลของอำเภอกันทรวิชัย จังหวัดมหาสารคาม ด้วยแบบบันทึกข้อมูลประกอบด้วยลักษณะทางประชากรและสังคม ตัวแปรทางสุขภาพที่เกี่ยวข้อง เช่น ภาวะสุขภาพ และการพลัดตกหกล้มในรอบหนึ่งปีที่ผ่านมา  

ผลการศึกษาพบว่าร้อยละ 12.1 มีการหกล้มอย่างน้อยหนึ่งครั้งในหนึ่งปีที่ผ่านมา จำแนกเป็นเพศหญิงร้อยละ 15.5 และเพศชายร้อยละ 8.7 ในตัวแบบ binary logistic regression models พบว่าการมีภาวะโรคเรื้อรังตั้งแต่สองโรคขึ้นไป (Adj. OR=2.08, 95%CI=1.304, 3.326, p=0.002) การมีปัญหาเกี่ยวกับทางเดินปัสสาวะ (Adj. OR=1.83, 95%CI=1.239, 2.707, p=0.002) ภาวะทุพพลภาพ (Adj. OR=2.04, 95%CI=1.318, 3.150, p=0.001) การสูบบุหรี่ (Adj. OR=4.34, 95%CI=2.732, 6.909, p<0.001) การมีความบกพร่องทางสายตา (Adj. OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.181, 2.788, p=0.007) และการมีปัญหาสุขภาพการนอน (Adj. OR=1.60, 95%CI=1.020, 2.499, p=0.041) เหล่านี้เป็นปัจจัยเสี่ยงสำคัญที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการหกล้มในช่วงหนึ่งปีที่ผ่านมา การศึกษานี้ได้เน้นให้เห็นว่ามีสัดส่วนของผู้สูงวัยจำนวนมากในชนบทมหาสารคามที่เสี่ยงต่อการพลัดตกหกล้ม และมีการระบุให้ทราบว่ามีหลายปัจจัยเสี่ยงที่สามารถนำมาช่วยในการออกแบบเชิงกลยุทธ์สำหรับการป้องกันการพลัดตกหกล้ม

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2020-12-30