Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties of Mangifera indica L. Kernel Extract on Multispecies Enterococcus faecalis-Candida albicans Biofilm in an Ex Vivo Tooth Model.
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimedto develop a multi-species biofilm model that was representative of a root canal environment within dentinal tubules and to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of kernel extractderived from Mangifera indica L.grown in Northern Thailand (Kaew-Moragot cultivar) against multispecies Entercoccus faecalis-Candida albicansbiofilms in tooth model.
Methods: Agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods were performed to investigate the antibacterial activities of M. indica kernel extract against planktonic E. faecalisand C. albicans. Time-kill assay was conducted to evaluate time-point of the extract which showed bactericidal and fungicidal effects. Antimicrobial activity of M. indica kernel extract against E. faecalisand C. albicansbiofilms was investigated through the use of 25 mg/mL extract solutionand compared to traditional root canal medicaments. In order to form biofilms in root canal, the microbial suspension of E. faecalisand C. albicansin 100:1 was placed in the dental root canal, with the addition of media every other day for 21 days The tooth samples were divided into 3groups (n=40) according to the type of medicaments which were 0.009 mg/mL normal saline solution (as a negative control), 400 mg/mL calcium hydroxide, and 25 mg/ml M. indica kernel extract. The root canal medicaments were consequently applied onto the biofilms for 7 days.After 7 days, cylindrical steel burs with a diameter of 1.6 mm and 1.8 mm were used to collect samples from inner dentin and deeper dentin. The remaining tooth samples were collected as residual roots. The samples were cultured for 24 h, and 200 μL of suspension were place into 96-well microtiter plates for OD450measurement. The OD data were analyzed with two-way ANOVAand Tukey’s post hoc tests (p<0.05).
Results: M. indica kernel extract demonstrated the antimicrobial activity against multispecies E. faecalis-C. albicans in root canal.The extract was the most effective in eliminated the biofilms by 30.88% (p<0.001)in inner dentine layer. It was comparable tocalcium hydroxide. In residual root, the eliminating effects of calcium hydroxide and M. indica kernel extract were comparable with percent inhibitions of 30.45% and 26.99%, respectively.
Conclusions: M. indica kernel extract had potential to eliminate multispecies E. faecalis-C. albicansbiofilms up to the residual root. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was comparable to calcium hydroxide, which is a gold standard medicament used in root canal treatment.
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References
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