Development of Virgin Coconut Oil Mouthwash against Candida albicans Biofilms
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Abstract
Objectives: To develop mouthwashes formulated from virgin coconut oil and to compare their antifungal activities against C. albicans biofilm with those of nystatin.
Materials and Methods: A total of nine formulas of mouthwash containing coconut oil, propylene glycol and distilled water were prepared. C. albicans biofilm was formed on a 96-well plate precoated with unstimulated saliva. The antifungal activity of each mouthwash formula was determined by a reduction of viable yeast cells after fungal biofilm was exposed to the test mouthwash formulations for 10 minutes. Nystatin and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Viability of the biofilms was investigated by cultivation and expressed in percentage of fungal biofilm reduction.
Results: Nystatin, virgin coconut oil and distilled water were able to reduce C. albicans biofilm by 82.36 ± 4.61 %, 42.83 ± 7.61 % and 7.38 ± 8.22 %, respectively. The mouthwashes formulated with virgin coconut oil, propylene glycol and distilled water that expressed anti-candida biofilm as effective as nystatin included these formulas 1 (60:40:0), 2 (50:40:10), 4 (70:30:0), 5 (60:30:10), and 7 (80:20:0) (p> 0.05). These formulas of virgin coconut oil reduced viable cells in the fungal biofilms ranging from 75% to 90%. The mouthwash formula 5 with the ratio of virgin coconut oil, propylene glycol and distilled water (60:30:10) seemed to be the solution of interest. This mouthwash was able to reduce viable cells in the fungal biofilms by 83.75 ± 5.75 % that was not statistically different from the effect of nystatin (p> 0.05).
Conclusions: Virgin coconut oil mouthwash liquefied by the addition of propylene glycol (30%) and distilled water (10%) has shown an efficacy in reducing C. albicans biofilm significantly that was not inferior that of nystatin.
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References
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