A comparison between anti-M monoclonal antibodies derived from humans versus mice produced by the National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society

Abstract

Background: Since the first monoclonal antibody was approved for clinical use 30 years ago, the monoclonal antibody industry has grown rapidly and is of enormous value. Today, the National Blood Centre,Thai Red Cross Society, has successfully produced a monoclonal antibody blood typing reagent, which has brought many benefits to blood banks.

Objective: To comparatively study the efficiency of anti-M monoclonal reagents derived from humansvs.mice produced by the National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society.

Methods: Serological tests for specificity and potency of anti-M monoclonal antibodies, the effect of proteolytic enzyme using papain enzyme, and the effect of different temperature and pH values on antigen-antibody binding reactions were performed. In addition, anti-M human monoclonal (anti-M NBC3) and anti-M mouse monoclonal (anti-M NBC2) reagents were delivered to the Kanto-Kosshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society, to assist in testing rare blood cells for M antigen subclasses. Donor blood samples with unknown MN antigens were also studied.

Results: The anti-M human monoclonal was found to be significantly more effective than the anti-M mouse monoclonal.In terms of specificity, it showed similar effects against M and N antigens. In terms of potency, there were clear differences,with anti-M human monoclonal having a titer and total hemagglutination score of 1,024 (OMM), 512 (OMN), and 107(OMM), 103 (OMN), respectively, while anti-M mouse monoclonal had a titer and total hemagglutination score of 32(OMM), 8 (OMN), and 60 (OMM), 57 (OMN), respectively. In terms of the proteolytic enzymeseffect, both were negative.The effect of temperature and pH on the reaction tended to be in the same direction; that is, anti-M reacted well at 40C and room temperature, while the optimum pH was 7.0. In terms of the results of the M antigen subclass tests, it was found that anti-M human monoclonal could detect Mc (MNS8), while anti-M mouse monoclonal was negative. In the study of 600 blood donors with unknown MN antigens, 270 (45.0%) had MM antigens, 252 (42.0%) had MN antigens, and 78 (13.0%)had NN antigens.

Conclusion: Based on the comparative study of the efficacy of all these agents, it was shown that human monoclonal anti-M is much more effective than mouse monoclonal anti-M. Thus, it can replace the production of mouse monoclonal anti-M for distribution. Additionally, the high potency can be diluted to reduce the production cost very well.