Minimally invasive surgery technique inthoracolumbar injuries

Abstract

Thoracolumbar spinal injuries resulting from traumatic events remain a significant clinical challenge, with ongoing debate regarding the most effective treatment approaches. Management strategies include both non-operative and operative interventions, with surgical decision-making guided by neurological status and injury morphology. Historically, surgical treatment was performed via open posterior approaches; however, advancements in technique have introduced anterior and combined approaches, as well as the growing use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Surgical interventions are typically categorized into decompression, instrumentation, and spinal fusion, with selection based on injury type-such as compression, distraction, or translation injuries. The evolution of MIS has led to improved outcomes through reduced blood loss, lower infection rates, shorter hospitalization, faster recovery, decreased complication rates, and enhanced surgical precision. These advancements continue to shape current standards of care in the management of thoracolumbar spinal trauma.