Prevalence and related factors of musculoskeletal discomfort among bus drivers of Bangkok Mass Transit Authority

Abstract

Background: Bus drivers of Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) have limited body movements. They also have improper postures at work, and have to remain in their seats for a long time; this may cause them musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD).

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and related factors of MSD among bus drivers of BMTA.

Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study wherein 275 BMTA’s bus drivers were recruited by multi-stage sampling method, which included a cluster sampling method and stratified sampling method. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires which included personal factors, occupational factors, psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal symptoms (modified from Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire). Data were then analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t – test, Chi-Square analysis, and Multiple Logistic Regression

Results: Regarding overall MSD among bus drivers of BMTA, the 7-day prevalence and 12-month prevalence were 69.5% and 68.4%, respectively; they occurred in every part of the body. The highest prevalence among the body parts were the neck and lower back. Sickness and absence due to overall MSD was 28.0%. Factors related to 7-day MSD were: having underlying disease, drinking alcohol at least 1 glass per week, working in the afternoon shift, improper driving posture (sit with the back arched toward the front and the upper body rested on the steering-wheel, the legs stretched straight while stepping on the pedal). Factors related
to 12-month MSD were: having underlying disease, duration of employment, experiencing inappropriate temperature, driving in a twisted or tilted position and high level of social support.

Conclusion: The prevalence of MSD among BMTA bus drivers was high. Prevention programs should be provided such as promoting appropriate driving posture and focusing on their own health.