ความก้าวหน้าของงานวิจัยด้านการแพทย์แผนจีนและการแพทย์แผนตะวันตกของโรคหอบหืดในผู้สูงอายุ
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บทคัดย่อ
โรคหอบหืดในผู้สูงอายุได้กลายเป็นประเด็นที่ได้รับความสนใจมาก เนื่องจากมีลักษณะทางคลินิกและพยาธิสรีรวิทยาที่จำเพาะเจาะจง ผู้สูงอายุมักประสบปัญหาภูมิคุ้มกันเสื่อมถอย (immunosenescence) การใช้ยาหลายชนิดร่วมกัน (polypharmacy) และการมีโรคร่วมหลายอย่าง (comorbidities) ซึ่งล้วนทำให้การดูแลโรคหอบหืดมีความซับซ้อน ทั้งในด้านการวินิจฉัยที่ทำได้ยาก ผลการรักษาที่ตอบสนองไม่ดี และความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดอาการไม่พึงประสงค์จากยาเพิ่มขึ้น สำหรับผู้ป่วยโรคหอบหืดในผู้สูงอายุที่มีโรคร่วมหลากหลายและมีภาวะภูมิคุ้มกันเสื่อม การรักษาด้วยการแพทย์แผนตะวันตกเพียงอย่างเดียวมักมีข้อจำกัด การแพทย์แผนจีนมองโรคหอบหืดในผู้สูงอายุบนพื้นฐานแนวคิดองค์รวม โดยจัดกลไกการเกิดโรคให้อยู่ในลักษณะ “เปิ่นพร่อง เปียวแกร่ง” โดยมีแก่นสำคัญของกลไกการเกิดโรคคือความพร่องของปอด ม้าม และไต ร่วมกับภาวะเสมหะขุ่นและเลือดคั่ง โดยการวินิจฉัยและการรักษาตามกลุ่มอาการ มีบทบาทโดดเด่นในการปรับปรุงพื้นฐานร่างกายของผู้ป่วย เสริมสร้างการทำงานของระบบภูมิคุ้มกัน ลดการดื้อสเตียรอยด์ และลดอาการไม่พึงประสงค์จากยา บทความนี้ได้ทำการสรุปอย่างเป็นระบบถึงความท้าทายของการรักษาด้วยการแพทย์แผนตะวันตกและกลไกการเกิดโรคหอบหืดในผู้สูงอายุตามแนวคิดการแพทย์แผนจีน พร้อมทั้งมุ่งเน้นการอภิปราย การแพทย์ผสมผสานระหว่างการแพทย์แผนจีนและการแพทย์แผนตะวันตก สามารถเสริมข้อเด่นของแต่ละแนวทางเพื่อให้บรรลุผลการรักษาที่ดียิ่งขึ้น ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการควบคุมอาการร่วมกัน ลดการกำเริบเฉียบพลัน ปรับปรุงการทำงานของปอด ตลอดจนยกระดับคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วย ทั้งนี้เพื่อมอบแนวทางเชิงกลยุทธ์และหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์ใหม่สำหรับการจัดการโรคหอบหืดในยุคสังคมผู้สูงอายุ
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