Effect of Brushing with Different Cleansing Solutions on Surface Roughness of Two Denture Base Materials
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The most common cleansing method for removable denture is brushing. However, brushing causes the surface roughness of denture base. The degree of roughness could be affected and varied with the abrasive properties of cleansing agents. This study aimed to compare the abrasiveness of three different cleansing solutions distilled water, dentifrice (Colgate®), dishwashing liquid solutions (Sunlight®) on poly (methyl) methacrylate (PMMA; VertexTM) and a polyamide (Bioplast®). Forty-eight specimen blocks of PMMA and polyamide were prepared (n=24) and randomly assigned to the distilled water, dentifrice, and dishwashing liquid groups (n=8). The simulated brushing was performed by immersion specimen in the assigned cleansing solution and brushing using an automatic brushing machine. Surface roughness (SR) was measured using the average value of roughness (Ra) by the contact profilometer before and after 20k- and 40k-cycle of brushing. The differences of Ra among cleansing solutions were determined by the Kruskal-Wallis with Mann-Whitney U post hoc test. The pairwise comparisons between two time points were estimated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also used to observe surface topography. Mechanical cleansing by brushing with cleansing solutions caused an increase of SR in both PMMA and polyamide. In PMMA brushing with dentifrice resulted in the highest Ra after 20k- and 40k-cycle (0.230 µm and 2.411 µm, respectively), meanwhile dishwashing liquid caused the roughness comparable with distilled water. For polyamide, the Ra of dentifrice and dishwashing liquid groups after 40k-cycle were 0.109 µm and 0.139 µm which were significantly greater than brushing with water. In conclusion, mechanical cleansing with dentifrice caused the SR with the statistical significance in PMMA. On the contrary, SR caused by brushing on polyamide with dentifrice and dishwashing liquid were slightly increased but still below the acceptable threshold for oral biofilm retention after 40k-cycle. Dentures with the long-term brushing with dentifrice should be regularly monitored the surface morphology. Dishwashing liquid can be used as a reasonably alternative denture cleansing solution based on the simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and non-abrasive property.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
บทความ ข้อมูล เนื้อหา รูปภาพ ฯลฯ ที่ได้รับการลงตีพิมพ์ในวิทยาสารทันตแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่นถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์เฉพาะของคณะทันตแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำทั้งหมดหรือส่วนหนึ่งส่วนใดไปเผยแพร่ต่อหรือเพื่อกระทำการใด ๆ จะต้องได้รับอนุญาตเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษร จากคณะทันตแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่นก่อนเท่านั้น
References
Shay K. Denture hygiene: a review and update. J Contemp Dent Pract 2000;1(2):28-41.
Sumi Y, Miura H, Sunakawa M, Michiwaki Y, Sakagami N. Colonization of denture plaque by respiratory pathogens in dependent elderly. Gerodontology 2002; 19(1):25-9.
Senpuku H, Sogame A, Inoshita E, Tsuha Y, Miyazaki H, Hanada N. Systemic diseases in association with microbial species in oral biofilm from elderly requiring care. Gerontology 2003;49(5):301-09.
Nikawa H, Hamada T, Yamamoto T. Denture plaque-past and recent concerns. J Dent 1998;26(4):299-304.
Axe AS, Varghese R, Bosma M, Kitson N, Bradshaw DJ. Dental health professional recommendation and consumer habits in denture cleansing. J Prosthet Dent 2016;115(2):183-88.
de Souza RF, de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos H, Lovato da Silva CH, Abu-Naba'a L, Fedorowicz Z, Gurgan CA. Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009(4):Cd007395.
Paranhos HF, Silva-Lovato CH, Souza RF, Cruz PC, Freitas KM, Peracini A. Effects of mechanical and chemical methods on denture biofilm accumulation. J Oral Rehabil 2007;34(8):606-12.
Kumar B, Sandhu PK, Kumar AN, Patil CP. A comparative study for plaque removing efficacy between commonly used denture cleansers in India. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2017;17(3):295-300.
de Freitas Pontes KM, de Holanda JC, Fonteles CS, Pontes Cde B, Lovato da Silva CH, Paranhos Hde F. Effect of toothbrushes and denture brushes on heat-polymerized acrylic resins. Gen Dent 2016;64(1):49-53.
Dyer D, Addy M, Newcombe RG. Studies in vitro of abrasion by different manual toothbrush heads and a standard toothpaste. J Clin Periodontol 2000;27(2):99-103.
Izumida FE, Jorge JH, Ribeiro RC, Pavarina AC, Moffa EB, Giampaolo ET. Surface roughness and Candida albicans biofilm formation on a reline resin after long-term chemical disinfection and toothbrushing. J Prosthet Dent 2014;112(6):1523-29.
Sorgini DB, da Silva-Lovato CH, Muglia VA, de Souza RF, de Arruda CN, Paranhos Hde F. Adverse effects on PMMA caused by mechanical and combined methods of denture cleansing. Braz Dent J 2015;26(3):292-96.
Tellefsen G, Liljeborg A, Johannsen A, Johannsen G. The role of the toothbrush in the abrasion process. Int J Dent Hyg 2011;9(4):284-90.
Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature. Dent Mater 1997;13(4):258-69.
Quirynen M, Bollen CM. The influence of surface roughness and surface-free energy on supra- and subgingival plaque formation in man. A review of the literature. J Clin Periodontol 1995;22(1):1-14.
Koopmans AS, Kippuw N, de Graaff J. Bacterial involvement in denture-induced stomatitis. J Dent Res 1988;67(9):1246-50.
Busscher HJ, Rinastiti M, Siswomihardjo W, van der Mei HC. Biofilm formation on dental restorative and implant materials. J Dent Res 2010;89(7):657-65.
Chang YH, Lee CY, Hsu MS, Du JK, Chen KK, Wu JH. Effect of toothbrush/dentifrice abrasion on weight variation, surface roughness, surface morphology and hardness of conventional and CAD/CAM denture base materials. Dent Mater J 2021;40(1):220-27.
Harrison Z, Johnson A, Douglas CW. An in vitro study into the effect of a limited range of denture cleaners on surface roughness and removal of Candida albicans from conventional heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material. J Oral Rehabil 2004;31(5):460-67.
Haselden CA, Hobkirk JA, Pearson GJ, Davies EH. A comparison between the wear resistance of three types of denture resin to three different dentifrices. J Oral Rehabil 1998;25(5):335-39.
Schemehorn BR, Moore MH, Putt MS. Abrasion, polishing, and stain removal characteristics of various commercial dentifrices in vitro. J Clin Dent 2011; 22(1):11-8.
Sorgini DB, Silva-Lovato CH, de Souza RF, Davi LR, Paranhos Hde F. Abrasiveness of conventional and specific denture-cleansing dentifrices. Braz Dent J 2012;23(2):154-59.
Felton D, Cooper L, Duqum I, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the care and maintenance of complete dentures: a publication of the American College of Prosthodontists. J Prosthodont 2011;20(Suppl 1);S1-2.
Azevedo A, Machado AL, Vergani CE, Giampaolo ET, Pavarina AC, Magnani R. Effect of disinfectants on the hardness and roughness of reline acrylic resins. J Prosthodont 2006;15(4):235-42.
Moore TC, Smith DE, Kenny GE. Sanitization of dentures by several denture hygiene methods. J Prosthet Dent 1984;52(2):158-63.
Shen Y, Li P, Chen X, Zou Y, Li H, Yuan G, et al. Activity of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Rhamnolipids, and N-Acetylcysteine Against Biofilms of Five Common Pathogens. Microb Drug Resist 2020;26(3):290-99.
Barnabé W, de Mendonça Neto T, Pimenta FC, Pegoraro LF, Scolaro JM. Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and coconut soap used as disinfecting agents in the reduction of denture stomatitis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. J Oral Rehabil 2004;31(5):453-59.
Heath JR, Davenport JC, Jones PA. The abrasion of acrylic resin by cleaning pastes. J Oral Rehabil 1983; 10(2):159-75.
Fueki K, Ohkubo C, Yatabe M, et al. Clinical application of removable partial dentures using thermoplastic resin. Part II: Material properties and clinical features of non-metal clasp dentures. J Prosthodont Res 2014;58(2):71-84.
Soygun K, Bolayir G, Boztug A. Mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide versus reinforced PMMA denture base materials. J Adv Prosthodont 2013;5(2):153-60.
Ucar Y, Akova T, Aysan I. Mechanical properties of polyamide versus different PMMA denture base materials. J Prosthodont 2012;21(3):173-76.
Richmond R, Macfarlane TV, McCord JF. An evaluation of the surface changes in PMMA biomaterial formulations as a result of toothbrush/dentifrice abrasion. Dent Mater 2004;20(2):124-32.
Sexson JC, Phillips RW. Studies on the effects of abrasives on acrylic resins. J Prosthet Dent 1951; 1(4):454-471.
Jones CS, Billington RW, Pearson GJ. The in vivo perception of roughness of restorations. Br Dent J 2004; 196(1):42-45.
Chatzivasileiou K, Emmanouil I, Kotsiomiti E, Pissiotis A. Polishing of denture base acrylic resin with chairside polishing kits: an SEM and surface roughness study. Int J Prosthodont 2013;26(1):79-81.