The Effects of Cinnamomum porrectum Essential Oil Inhalation on Human Autonomic Nervous System and Emotional States
Keywords:
Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm, Safrole laurel, autonomic nervous system, emotional statesAbstract
Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm commonly known as Thep-Ta-Ro and Safrole laurel is found in Asian countries and used in traditional Thai medicine. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of C. porrectum essential oil inhalation on autonomic nervous system (ANS) and emotional states. This research is an experimental study using A-B design. Twenty-five healthy participants aged between 20 and 35 years old were recruited. The participants filled out a questionnaire on emotional states before and after they inhaled 8% of C. porrectum essential oil via face mask (2 ml/min). ANS parameters were recorded using BIOM7000 Patient Monitor. Data were analyzed using paired simple t-test. Mean changes of the ANS parameters and emotional states of participants were compared before and after the inhalation of C. porrectum oil. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly from 104.55 (±7.54) to 106.01 (±7.46) mmHg (p-value <0.001) and from 63.55 (±5.10) to 65.24 (±5.11) mmHg (p-value <0.001) respectively. Similarly, the mean heart rate increased significantly from 78.25 (±9.1) to 79.83 (±9.1) mmHg (p-value <0.001) and the mean respiratory rate increased significantly from 17.02 (±1.98) to 18.06 (±2.16) bpm (p-value <0.008). Regarding the emotional states, the mean scores of active feelings increased significantly from 3.48 (±2.48) to 5.97 (±1.87) (p-value <0.001) and the mean scores of fresh feelings increased significantly from 4.15 (±2.53) to 6.63 (±2.06) (p-value <0.001). It can be concluded that C. porrectum essential oil seems to have stimulating effects on ANS parameters and emotional states.
Downloads
References
2. Schnaubelt K. Medical aromatherapy: Healing with essential oils. North Atlantic Books; 2013 Jul 23.
3. Price L, Price S. Aromatherapy for Health Professionals E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011 Nov 11.
4. Phungsoonthorn W, aromatherapy: how plants and oils help you. Proceedings of The 2015 International Symposium on Wellness and Aromatherapy Conference; 2015 July 23-24, Thailand. Rangsit University 2015.
5. Buckle J. Clinical aromatherapy: essential oils in healthcare. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014 Nov 14.
6. Apichet K, Ounprasertpong L, Noppawan Piasea N. Secondary Data Analysis: Effects of Behavioral Modification Program and Foot Reflexology Integrated with Medication Use on Blood Pressure Level in Persons with Hypertension. Journal of The Royal Thai Army Nurses. 2017; 18(1): 58-65. (in Thai).
7. Uthairatsamee S, Soonthornchareonnon N, Wiwat C, Pipatwattanakul D. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the extracts from different parts of Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm. InProceedings of the 49th Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Kasetsart University, Thailand, 1-4 February, 2011. Volume 8. Subject: Natural Resources and Environment 2011 (pp. 107-115). Kasetsart University.
8. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department. Thai Plant Names Tem Smitinand. Revised ed. Bangkok: Prachachon Co., 2001
9. Choong YM, Lin HJ. A rapid and simple gas chromatographic method for direct determination of safrole in soft drinks. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 2001;9(1)
10. Sukcharoen O, Sirirote P, Thanaboripat D. Control of aflatoxigenic strains by Cinnamomum porrectum essential oil. Journal of food science and technology. 2017 Aug 1;54(9): 2929-35
11. Phongpaichit S, Kummee S, Nilrat L, Itarat A. Antimicrobial activity of oil from the root of Cinnamomum porrectum. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 2006;29:11-6.
12. Uthairatsamee S, Soonthornchareonnon N, Wiwat C, Pipatwattanakul D. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the extracts from different parts of Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm. InProceedings of the 49th Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Kasetsart University, Thailand, 1-4 February, 2011. Volume 8. Subject: Natural Resources and Environment 2011 (pp. 107-115). Kasetsart University.
13. Buru AS, Pichika MR, Neela V, Mohandas K. In vitro antibacterial effects of Cinnamomum extracts on common bacteria found in wound infections with emphasis on methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of
ethnopharmacology. 2014 May 14;153(3): 587-95.
14. Palanuvej C, Werwatganone P, Lipipun V, Ruangrungsi N. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans of essential oil from leaves of Cinnamomum porrectum. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH.
2006 Mar 1;20(1):69-76
15. Werawatganone, P, Palanuvej C, Lipipun V, Ruangrungsi N, Thep-ta-ro essential oil in solution and emulgel dosage forms. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH. 2006 Mar 1;20(1):77-86.
16. Sayorwan W, Effects of Selected Volatile Oils Commonly Used in Thailand on Physiological Activities and Emotions
[dissertation]. Chulalongkorn University;2011.
17. Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Organization WH. Adequacy of sample size in health studies. Chichester: Jhon & wiley Son. 1990.
18. Llido LO, Mirasol R. Comparison of body mass index based nutritional status using WHO criteria versus “Asian” criteria: report from the Philippines. PhilSPEN Online JParenter Enteral Nutr. 2011:1-8.
19. Hummel T, Mohammadian P, Kobal G. Handedness is a determining factor in lateralized olfactory discrimination. Chemical senses. 1998 Oct 1;23(5):541-4.
20. Cain WS. Testing olfaction in a clinical setting. Ear, nose, & throat journal. 1989 Apr;68(4): 316-22.
21. McMaster MC. LC/MS: a practical user’s guide. John Wiley & Sons; 2005 Aug 8.
22. Hicks RP. Handbook of GC/MS Fundamentals and Applications By Hans-Joachim Hübschmann. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. 2001. xvi+591 pp. 17.5× 24.5 cm. ISBN 3-529-30170-4. $150.00.
23. Venturi M, Venturi-Jackson T, inventors. Therapeutic blended oil composition and method. United States patent application US 11/346,033. 2007 Aug 2.
24. Hongratanaworakit T. Physiological effects in aromatherapy. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 2004;26(1):117-25.
25. Stern RM, Stern RM, Ray WJ, Quigley KS. Psychophysiological recording. Oxford University Press, USA; 2001.
26. Alajlouni AM, Al_Malahmeh AJ, Kiwamoto R, Wesseling S, Soffers AE, Al-Subeihi AA, Vervoort J, Rietjens IM. Mode of action based risk assessment of the botanical food-borne alkenylbenzene apiol from parsley using physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling and read-across from safrole. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2016 Mar 1;89: 138-50.
27. Lima LM. Safrole and the versatility of a natural biophore. Rev Virtual Quim. 2015 Mar 1;7(2): 495-538.
28. Oswald ES, Fishbein L, Corbett BJ, Walker MP. Urinary excretion of tertiary amino methoxy methylenedioxy propiophenones as metabolites of myristicin in the rat and guinea pig. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General
Subjects. 1971 Aug 19;244(2):322-8.
29. Ahmad S, Latif A, Qasmi IA. Aphrodisiac activity of 50% ethanolic extracts of Myristica fragrans Houtt.(nutmeg) and Syzygium aromaticum (L) Merr. & Perry.(clove) in male mice: a comparative study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2003 Dec;3(1):6.
30. Shelly TE, McInnis DO, Pahio E, Edu J. Aromatherapy in the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae): sterile males exposed to ginger root oil in prerelease storage boxes display increased mating competitiveness in field-cage trials. Journal of Economic Entomology. 2004 Jun 1;97(3):846-53.
31. Rätsch C, Müller-Ebeling C. The encyclopedia of aphrodisiacs: Psychoactive substances for use in sexual practices. Simon and Schuster; 2013 Feb 3.
32. Boonkerd S, Rabampho P, Deenuanpanao S, Naksranoi S, Paikoh K. The Relationship between Social Support and Depression of the Elderly in the Elderly Home. Journal of the Royal Thai Army Nurses. 2018; 19(1): 182-189. (in Thai).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
บทความหรือข้อคิดเห็นใดใดที่ปรากฏในวารสารพยาบาลทหารบกเป็นวรรณกรรมของผู้เขียน ซึ่งบรรณาธิการหรือสมาคมพยาบาลทหารบก ไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารพยาบาลทหารบก
The ideas and opinions expressed in the Journal of The Royal Thai Army Nurses are those of the authors and not necessarily those
of the editor or Royal Thai Army Nurses Association.
