Social skills and associated factors of late elementary school children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at child and adolescent psychiatric unit, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the associations between parenting practices, sociodemographic factors, and social skills in children with ADHD.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, from December 1, 2022, to April 30, 2023. This study recruited parents and children with ADHD who were enrolled in late elementary schools. The sociodemographic status of both children and parents was collected using questionnaires. In addition, child interviews and Thai version standardized tests such as the Screening for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale (SNAP-IV), the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ), and the Social Skill Questionnaire (SSQ) were utilized in this study. Associations between factors and social skills were analyzed using multiple linear regression with a 0.05 significance threshold.
Results: One hundred and twelve ADHD patients and their parents were included in the study. 83.0 percent of the patients were male, and 41.1 percent had at least one comorbidity. Positive factors associated with social skills were positive parenting scores (β=0.2, p=0.04), a good child-teacher relationship (β=4.5, p=0.006 and β=6.51, p<0.001 for children with moderate and satisfactory relationships compared to the poor group, respectively), and receiving behavioral modifications in the past 3 months (β=2.8, p=0.05). Social skills were negatively associated with negative parenting scores (β=-0.3, p=0.009), male gender (β=-6.9, p=0.002), physical illness (β=-11.6, p<0.001), predominant inattentiveness (β=-8.8, p<0.001), combine type (β=-7.3, p<0.001), and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (β=-5.9, p<0.001).
Conclusion: It is crucial to combine clinical treatments for ADHD using medication and improving environmental factors. This includes offering positive parenting guidance, which consists of involving parents in child-rearing and fostering effective parental roles, along with promoting a healthy parent-child relationship and cultivating a positive teacher-student relationship. These efforts, combined with behavior modification interventions, are likely to yield favorable outcomes for social skills development in children with ADHD.
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