A systematic Literature Review on the Relationship Between Social Media and Well-Being Among Adolescents
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Abstract
Objective: To review the relationship between social media and well-being in adolescents.
Methods: Both qualitative and quantitative systematic review under the PICO framework was carried out using Pubmed, EMBASE, and ThaiJO databases published between 2011 and 2021. The search keywords included adolescent, adolescents, teenager, social media, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, mental health and well-being. The selection criteria were: 1) research approach was research reported on the relationship between social media and well-being in adolescents; 2) sample group of study was adolescent aged between 12 and 17 years olds; 3) research outcomes to study how social media was associated with well-being; 4) both Thai and English research articles; 5) articles published between 2011 and 2021. The deselection criteria was quality of research work was lower than acceptable standard. For example, the research assessment was no quality check or research methodology was not clear. The risk-of-bias assessment was performed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale cross-sectional studies. The research work should contain at least 2 researchers; the third research could make a final decision in case of no agreement met between the two. The analysis was done by descriptive statistics to elucidate frequency, percentage and average of the data.
Results: A total of 3,676 research studies has been identified and 8 of them were included in the review. After research evaluation, it is found that two articles had a high risk of bias, five of them had some medium risks, and one study had a low risk of bias. The results indicated that use of social media was associated with well-being among adolescents. The higher social media is used, the higher level of mental health problems, which leads to depression and anxiety. In every 30 minutes of time spent on social media was also associated with an increased risk of self-harm and depression. In female adolescents, inverse relationship was found between time spent on-line and self-esteem. In the case of night-time social media users, this will affect not only sleep quality but also emotional investment in social media and self-esteem.
Conclusion: Use of social media has a relationship with well-being in adolescents.
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