Changes of sleep patterns and problems in ADHD children during COVID-19 pandemic
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Abstract
Objective: To study the changes in sleep patterns and problems in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: An observational prospective cohort study was conducted on ADHD children, aged between 4 and 10 at Phichit Hospital. Data were collected before the second COVID-19 outbreak and during the outbreak. Participants’ parents or guardians gave information on demographic data, sleep patterns and also completed the Child’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (Thai version). The Pearson Chi-square test, Pair t test, causation analysis, diagnostic analysis, and cluster analysis were used to analyze these data.
Results: There were 80 ADHD children enrolled in this study. Their parents and guardians reported clear and significant delays in sleep and wake time during the outbreak, namely that bedtime was 1 - 1.5 times later than usual and wake time was delayed at least 30 - 60 minutes. In regard to a cluster analysis, the wake time was delayed six times more than usual, from 6.14 a.m. to 8.21 a.m., and the sleep duration also decreased. The increase in sleep-related breathing disorders was significant.
Conclusion: The sleep patterns and problems changed drastically in ADHD children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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