Factors Associated with Psychological Impact on Adolescents Due to COVID-19 Pandemic
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To study factors associated with psychological impact on adolescents due to COVID-19 pandemic
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 355 adolescents in grade 10 to 12 from 3 schools in Bangkok, Thailand. Participants were assessed using a self-report questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data, impacts from COVID-19 pandemic, The Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAT Y1), Connor – Davidson Resilience Scale (10 Item CD-RISC) and social support.
Data was analyzed by using statistics including Pearson Chi-Square, Fisher’s Exact Test and Binary logistic regression analysis to examine the association between factors and depression, factors and anxiety level due to COVID-19
pandemic.
Results: A sample of 335 adolescents have 37.0% depression. Low, moderate and high anxiety level are 28.3%, 62.4% and 9.3%, respectively. By binary regression analysis, significant factors associated with depression are
perception on high risk of infection, least social distancing and poor support by peers. Factors associated with
moderate anxiety are worsening family relationship and poor support from parents, whereas perception on low risk
of infection and moderate money problem in family have negative correlation with high anxiety level.
Conclusion: This study shows that perception on high risk of infection, low social distancing, money and relationship
problem in family and poor support by peer or family are factors associated depression or moderate to high anxiety
level.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles submitted for consideration must not have been previously published or accepted for publication in any other journal, and must not be under review by any other journal.
References
Jörg MF, Benedetto V, Paul LP, Vera C. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020;14(20):1-11.
United Nations. Policy Brief : COVID-19 and the Need for Action on Mental Health (internet). 2020 (cited 2020 May 13). Available from : https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/ files/un_policy_briefcovid_and_mental_health_final.pdf.
Jonathan PR, Edward C, Dominic O, Thomas AP, Philip M, Paolo F, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systemic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7:611-627.
Wen YJ, Lin NW, Juan L. Shuan FF, Fu YJ, Massimo P, et al. Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. J Pediatr 2020;221:264-266.
Cuiyan W, Riya P, Xiaoyang W, Yilin T, Linkang X, Cyrus SH, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(5):1-25.
Wenjun Cao, Ziwri F, Guoqiang H, Mei H, Xinrong X, Jiaxin D, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res 2020;287:1-5.
Shuan JZ, Li-Gang Z, Lei-Lei W, Zhao-Chang G, Jing-Qi W, Jin-Cheng C, et al. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
;29(6):749-758.
Kumar S, Shilpi R. Compliance and psychological impact of quarantine in children and adolescents due to Covid-19 pandemic. Indian J Pediatr 2020;87(7):532-536.
Unicef Thailand. 8 in 10 youth worried about their family income due to COVID-19 (internet). 2020 (cited 1 June 2020).
Amy O, Livia T, Sarah-Jayne B. The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020;4(8):634-640.
Christiaan HV, Therese VA, Jonathan IB, Igor B, John FC, Katharina D,et al. Stress resilience during the coronavirus pandemic. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020;35:12-16.
Vinita S, Miguel RO, Nandita S. Risk and protective factors for adolescent and young adult mental health within the context of COVID-19: A perspective from Nepal. J Adolesc Health 2020;67(1):135-137.
Nicharpat R, Umaporn T. Depression in senior high school students in Bangkok metropolis. J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand 2009;54(4):337-346.
Selim BG, Jonathan L, Rahmeth R, Emilie C, Sevan M, Laelia B, et al. Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Psychiatry Res 2020;291:1-6.
Finiki N, Clodagh F, Rachel N, Sheena SS, Eilis H. Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes in children and
adolescents: A systemic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(22):1-19.
Prateek KP, Juhi G, Sayoni RC, Rishi K, Ankit KM, Priyanka M, et al. Psychological and behavioral impact of lockdown and quarantine measures for COVID-19 pandemic on children, adolescents and caregivers: A systematic review and metaanalysis. J Trop Pediatr 2021;67(1):1-13.
Caiyun Z,Maolin Y, Yunwei F, Minyi Y, Fen L, Jinhua Y, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teenagers in China. J Adolesc Health 2020;67(6):747-755.
Natasha RM, Justin YF, Ronald MR, Cele ER, Ella LO, Jasmine F. Risk and protective factors for prospective changes in adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Youth Adolesc 2021;50(1):44-57.
Maria E, Eleanor M, Nina H, Shirley R, Roz S, Amberly B, et al. Rapid systemic review: The impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020;59(11): 1218-1239.
Marielena B. The impact of social distancing and loneliness on adolescents’ mental health during Covid-19 (2021). Masters Theses. 1123.
Sommerlad A, Marston L, Huntley J, Livingston G, Lewis G, Steptoe A, et al. Social relationships and depression during the
COVID-19 lockdown: longitudinal analysis of the COVID-19 social study. Psychol Med 2021;13:1-10.
Suqin T, Mi X, Teris C, Yu-Tuo X. Mental health and its correlates among children and adolescents during COVID-19 school closure: The importance of parent-child discussion. J Affect Disord 2021;279:353-360.
Shweta S, Deblina R, Krittika S, Sheeba P, Gunjan J. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Res 2020;293:1-10.
Natasha RM, Justin YF, Ronald MR, Cele ER, Ella LO, Jasmine F. Risk and protective factors for prospective changes in adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Youth Adolesc 2021;50:44-57.
Qing Z, Longjun Z, Jianping X. Impact of COVID-19 on emotional resilience and learning management of middle school students. Med Sci Monit 2020;26:1-8.
Sithum M, Sandro S, Louise F, Elizabeth C, Hir Jani, Sandra M, et al. The impact of physical distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic on health and well-being among Australian adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2020;67(5):653-66.