T-cell Leukemia presents with Enterocutaneous Fistula and Hemophagocytic Syndrome
Keywords:
T-cell leukemia, Enterocutaneous fistula, Hemophagocytic syndromeAbstract
Abstract : This communication presents a three-year-old Thai-muslim girl who had a right flank
abscess from enterocutaneous fistula and pancytopenia from hemophagocytic syndrome with evi-
dence of Ebstein-Barr viral infection. After drainage of the abscess and administration of antibiotics,
the fistula and pancytopenia resolved. Two months later, the abscess and parcytopenia recurred with
evidence of young cells in the peripheral blood. There were more than 90% lymphoblasts with
positive T-cell markers in the bone marrow. She was diagnosed T-cell leukemia and was com-
menced on the COMP protocol of chemotherapy. She was in remission for one year before the lym-
phoma relapsed. She lost to follow up after completion of the reinduction chemotherapy. Two
months later, she was readmitted with severe infections. There was no remission of the leukemia.
Downloads
References
Henter JI, Elinder G, Ost A. Diagnostic guidelines for Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The FHL Study Group of the Histiocyte Society. Semin Oncol 1991;18:29-33.
Fisman DN. Hemophagocytic syndromes and infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2000;6:601-8.
Jaffe ES, Costa J, Fauci AS, Cossman J, Tsokos M. Malignant lymphoma and erythrophagocytosis simulating malignant histiocytosis. Am J Med 1983;75:741-9.
Falini B, Pileri S, DeSolas I, et al. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. Blood 1990;75:434-44.
Yao M, Cheng AL, Su IJ, et al. Clinicopathological spectrum of haemophagocytic syndrome in Ebstein-Barr virus-associated peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 1994;87:535-43.
Janka G, Imashuku S, Elinder G, Schneider M, Henter JI. Infection and malignancy-associated hemophagocytic syndromes. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1998;12:435-44.
Wong KF, Hui PK, Chan JK, Chan YW, Ha SY. The acute lupus hemophagocytic syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1991;114:387-90.
Kumakura S, Ishikura H, Umegae N, Yamagata S, Kobayashi S. Autoimmune-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Am J Med 1997;102:113-5.
Papo T, Andre MH, Amoura Z, et al. The spectrum of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1999;26:927-30.
Loy TS, Diaz-Arias AA, Perry MC. Familial erythrophagocytic Iymphohistiocytosis. Semin Oncol 1991;18:34-9.
McClain K, Gehrz R, Grierson H, Purtilo D, Filipovich A.Virus-associated histiocytic proliferations in children : frequent association with Ebstein-Barr and congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1988;10:196-205.
Rubin CM, Burke BA, McKenna RW, et al. The accelerated phase of Chediak-Higashi syndrome : an expression of the virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome ? Cancer 1985;56:524-30.
Purtilo DT, DeFlorio D Jr, Hutt LM, et al. Variable phenotypic expression of an X-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome. N Engl J Med 1977;297:1077-80.
Risdall RJ, Brunning RD, Hernandez JI, Gordon DH. Bacterial associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Cancer 1984:54:2968-72.
Ningsanond V. Infection associated hemophagocytic syndrome : a report of 50 children. J Med Assoc Thai 2000:83:1141-9.
Stark R, Mamoharan A. Haemophagocytic syndrome complicating acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Postgrad Med J 1989;65:249-52.
Tagasaki N, Kaneko Y, Maseki N, Sakurai M, Shimamura K, Tokayama S. Hemophagocytic syndrome complicating T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a novel t (11;14) (p15;q11) chromosome translocation. Cancer 1987;59;424-8.
Okano M. Ebstein-Barr virus infection and its role in the expanding spectrum of human diseases. Acta Paediatr 1998;87:11-8.
Wong KF, Chan JKC. Reactive hemophagocytic syndrome-O clinicopathologic study of 40 patients in an oriental population. Am J Med 1992;93:177-80.
Allory Y, Challine D, Haioun C, et al. Bone marrow involvement in lymphomas with hemophagocytic syndrome at presentation. A clinicopathologic study of 11 patients in a Western Institution. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:865-74.
Shimazaki C, Inaba T, Shimura K, et al. B-cell lymphoma associated with haemophagocytic syndrome: a clinical, immunological and cytogenetic study. Br J Haematol 1999;104:672-9.
Craig FE, Clare CN, Sklar JL, Banks PM. T-cell lymphoma and the virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol 1992:97:189-94.
Chiu SS, Chan GCF, Loong F. Ebstein-Barr virus induced hemophagocytic syndrome followed by EBV association T/NK lymphoma in a child with perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;36:326-8.
Su IJ, Hsu YH, Lin MT, Cheng AL, Wang CH, Weiss LM. Ebstein-Barr virus-containing T-cell lymphoma presents with hemophagocytic syndrome mimicking malignant histiocytosis. Cancer 1993;72:2019-27.
Lay JD, Tsao CJ, Chen JY, Kadin ME, Su IJ. Upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene by Ebstein-Barr virus and activation of macrophages in Ebstein-Barr virus-infected T cells in the pathogenesis of hemophagocytic syndrome. J Clin Invest 1997;100.1969-79.
Simrell CR, Margolick JB, Crabtree GR, Cossman J, Fauci AS, Jaffe ES. Lymphokine-induced phagocytosis in angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions (AIL) and malignant lymphoma arising in AIL. Blood 1985;65:1469-76.
Linn YC, Tien SL, Lim LC, et al. Haemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspirate : a review of the clinical course of 10 cases. Acta Haematol 1995;94:182-91.
Imashuku S, Hibi S, Todo S, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) in Japan. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999;23:569-72.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.