The characteristics and distribution of alcohol retail outlets and the alcohol consumption behavior among rural populations in Thailand's lower northern region
Keywords:
Alcohol retail outlets, Adult populations, Rural area, Alcohol drinking behaviorAbstract
Alcohol availability through retail outlets may influence drinking behaviors in rural communities. However, the relationship between outlet characteristics and consumption patterns in rural Thailand remains understudied. This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to examine the relationship between characteristics and distribution of alcohol retail outlets and drinking behaviors. The sample consisted of 73 alcohol outlet operators and 396 residents aged 18 years and above in a rural sub-district of lower northern Thailand. Research instruments included a survey of alcohol outlet characteristics, locations and sales; an alcohol consumption behavior questionnaire; and an alcohol use disorder identification test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for inferential statistics. Results showed that there were 73 alcohol outlets in the study area, with 91.8% being community stores and 2.7% convenience stores. The outlets were distributed throughout the area, with varying numbers per village according to population density. 98.5% of outlets were located less than 1 kilometer from drinkers' residences. All stores sold white spirits, colored spirits, and beer. The ratio of outlets to adult population was 1:42. Regarding drinking behaviors, 65.3% were male and 34.7% female. The classified 48.7 % as low-risk drinker, 29.1% as hazardous drinker, 12.1% as harmful drinking, and 10.1% as dependent drinking. 97.7% of drinkers purchased alcohol from stores near their homes. The analysis results indicate a statistically significant relationship between the distance from drinkers' homes to alcohol retail outlets and drinking behaviors (p < 0.05). In conclusion, all community stores sold alcoholic beverages with types matching consumer preferences. The outlets were easily accessible, operated without time restrictions, and located near residential areas. This distribution pattern was significantly associated with high-risk and dangerous drinking behaviors among populations in a rural sub-district of lower northern Thailand.
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