The Development of Effervescent Bioenzyme Tablets to Decrease Ammonia Gas from Organic Fermentation

Abstract

Most bioenzymes compose of Pediococcus acidilactici, Streptococcus faecalis (or Enterococcus faecalis), Pichia farinose,  Bacillus amyloliquefaciensand Dekkera anomala. Bioenzyme is extensively used in environmental conservation due to the catalyst property to decrease bad smell. Bioenzyme is commercially available in dry powder and liquid forms which have short shelf-life and inconvenience to use. This experimental research was to develop effervescent bioenzyme tablets from Biowish-P® bioenzyme dry powder. Bioenzyme effervescent tablets were formulated by varying types and uantities of diluents, binders and effervescent components. The physical properties of these formulations were studied by the methods as indicated in USP. Efficiency in decreasing ammonia gas of bioenzyme was determined in nitrogen quantity (mg-N/L) by phenol-hypochlorite method and gas chromatography. bsorbance was determined at the wavelength of 640 nm. The best formula of the bioenzyme effervescent tablet composes of 58.82% bioenzyme, 23.18% PVP K 90, 5% corn starch, 10% effervescent compound, 1% magnesium stearate and 2% talcum. Physical properties of the effervescent tablets were as followed; weight variation (853 ±13 mg per tablet), hardness (4.5 ±0.5 kg), friability and disintegration time (0.53% and 3.35 ±0.11 minutes, respectively). Moisture content of the effervescent tablet slightly increased in similar quantity to bioenzyme dry powder. Bioenzyme effervescent tablets significantly decreased ammonia gas comparing to the negative control. Bioenzyme effervescent 500 mg tablet decreased ammonia gas in similar to 500 mg bioenzyme dry powder. Moreover, ammonia gas was decreased in 93.8, 93.8 and 97.8% after adding the bioenzyme effervescent tablets (500, 1000 and 1500 mg), respectively on the first day.