Immunomodulating, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Northeastern Thai Edible Plant and Medicinal Plant Extracts
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extracts of four Northeastern Thai edible plants; Tiliacora triandra, Cratoxylum formosum, Kanchanaburi gratum, Polygonum odoratum and one medicinal plant; Eupatorium odoratum. The immunomodulating activity of these extracts was evaluated using mouse splenocyte proliferation by the colorimetric MTT assay. The results showed that C. formosum, K. gratum, P. odoratum and T. triandra extracts had immunostimulating activity. K. gratum and C. formosum extracts could stimulate T- and B-lymphocytes at concentration of 12.5-50 µg/mL. P. odoratum and T. triandra extracts stimulated only T-lymphocytes at concentration of 12.5-100 µg/mL and 12.5-25 µg/mL, respectively, while E. odoratum extract displayed cytotoxic effect. These extracts were also examined for antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay. The ethanolic extracts of K. gratum, C. formosum and P. odoratum exhibited strong antioxidant activity with the EC₅₀ values of 8.17±0.17, 9.9±0.14 and 58.03±1.02 µg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was investigated against the organisms Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Propionibacterium acne, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by the disc diffusion method. Results showed that all were active against S. aureus. Moreover, C. formosum, K. gratum, P. odoratum and E. odoratum extracts had some activity against B. subtilis, P. acne and P. aeruginosa. K. gratum had the most potent activity with MICs of 1.5625, 3.125, 1.5625 and 3.125 mg/mL against S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. acne and P. aeruginosa, respectively.
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