Simultaneous Separation of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Gallic Acid in Cinnamon Stomachic Mixture Extract by Thin Layer Chromatography- Densitometric Method and Screening of Anti-free Radical Substances by Bioautographic Method
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Abstract
Introduction: Cinnamon stomachic mixture was a well-known remedy for treatment of flatulence and indigestion in Thai traditional medicine. The mixture were comprised of five herbs [ Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr.&L.M.Perry, Amomum krervanh Pierre., Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn., Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet, and Cinnamomum verum J.Presl. ] and two chemicals (menthol and camphor). The aims of this study were to develop TLC mobile phase system for simultaneous separation of 2 compounds (glycyrrhizic acid and gallic acid) and to screen anti-free radical substances by bioautographic method of cinnamon stomachic mixture extract and each herbs in the formulation. Methods: Each five herbs and formulation were boiled with water for 15 minutes, filtered through Buchner funnel with Whatman No.1 filter paper and followed by freeze-drying technique. All extracts were then analysed with TLC method. Six TLC mobile phase systems were investigated for simultaneous separation of glycyrrhizic acid and gallic acid. Bioautography was performed using 1,1 diphenyl 2-pricrylhydrazil (DPPH) spraying reagent for anti-free radical substances screening of the spot on TLC. Results: The best mobile system of TLC analysis was toluene : ethyl acetate : methanol : formic acid (2:5:1:1, %v/v). This system showed Rf values of glycyrrhizic acid and gallic acid at 0.18 and 0.69, respectively. The UV absorption spectra at 200-400 nm of the corresponding spot in the extract confirmed that gallic acid in the mixture was derived from Syzygium aromaticum and glycerrhizic acid was derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra. Gallic acid and other anti-free radical substances were tested with DPPH spraying reagents. Conclusion: In this research, two active ingredients were separated in the same mobile phase system and were detected with densitometry. Bioautography with DPPH spraying reagent could also be used for scanning anti-free radical substances of cinnamon stomachic mixture.
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