Determination of lead in candies from Khon Kaen province and Vientiane capital by atomic absorption spectrophotometry
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Abstract
Introduction: Lead content was determined in 40 different brands of candy samples available in local market of Khon Kaen province, Thailand, and Vientiane capital, Lao PDR. All samples were selected on the basis of their colorful appearances. The regulation 1881/2006 of the 2006 European Union Council and the announcement of The Ministry of Public Health of Thailand, 98/BE 2529 (1986), were recommended that the safety level for lead contamination should not be higher than 0.2 and 1.0 mg kg-1, respectively. Methods: The candy samples were digested with heat blockassisted acid digestion. Samples were weighted to approximately 5 g into a vessel, to which nitric acid were added. After digestion 2-3 hrs, colorless solution was obtained by using centrifuge technique at 4,000 rpm for 3 minutes. The concentration of lead (Pb) in supernatant was determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 283.31 nm. These samples were analyzed in triplicate. Results: For the determination of lead from 40 candy samples, it was found that the lead levels was showed the range of 0.00 M 0.21 and 0.11 M 1.12 μg g-1 for candy samples which were collected from Khon Kaen province and Vientiane capital, respectively. The average of lead level was 0.07 ± 0.07 and 0.39 ± 0.30 μg g-1 for candy samples from Khon Kaen province and Vientiane capital, respectively. Conclusion: Determination of lead level in 40 candy samples was examined. It was found that 11 and 20 candy samples, collected from Khon Kaen province and Vientiane capital, respectively, contaminated with lead.
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