Botulism

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Published: Aug 8, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14456/ijps.2016.10
Keywords:
Botulinum toxin SNARE complex acetylcholine neuromuscular junction nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

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Jinatta Jittiwat
Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150

Abstract

Botulism results from intoxication by botulinum toxin, which produced by a group of anaerobic spore forming organism called Clostidium botulinum. The spores of Clostidium botulinum are distributed widely in soil and water, which produces 8 types of toxin including type A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G. The toxin must enter the presynaptic terminal to cleave the SNARE complex, which including synaptobrevin, SNAP-25 and syntaxin. Each type of botulinum toxin is highly specific proteolytic cleavage of one of the proteins of SNARE complex, inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ACh) at neuromuscular junction (NMJ), leading to inhibition of synaptic transmission, leading to flaccid paralysis. Moreover, acetylcholine has an important role on parasympathetic nervous system; therefore the patient must be presented the signs and symptoms of cholinergic block as well. Moreover, injection of botulinum toxin type A have become one of the most popular for medical treatment such as myofascial pain, achalasia and cosmetic use in eldery.

Article Details

Issue
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2016): Volume 12 No.2 April – June 2016
Section
Review Article

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