Development of Niosome as a Drug Delivery System of Kaempferia parviflora Extract
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Abstract
Introduction: Kaempferia parviflora (KP) showed various pharmacological effects such as antiinflammation,
anti-oxidation, and antimicrobial activities. Its major contents include several methoxyflavones
which posses many pharmacological effects. However, the methoxyflavones are known to be hydrophobic
property and has low absorption, which limits the utilization of KP. This study was to investigate the feasibility
of using niosome as a drug delivery system for KP extracts. Methods: Niosomes were prepared by thin film
hydration method (using different surfactants including Span®60, Span®80, and Tween®80). The formulations
composed of 1:1:0.1 mass ratio of non-ionic surfactant: cholesterol: KP extract as the vesicle forming agents.
Furthermore, we also studied the effect of stabilizer (dihexadecyl phosphate) on niosomes properties.
Results: The results showed particle sizes of the developed niosomes between 0.164-2.919 μm. Span®80-
Niosome possessed significantly the lowest size as compared to the other formulations (0.164 μm, PDI
0 . 5 03). We successfully entrapped the methoxyflavones in all formulations with entrapment efficiencies
between 70-99%. Among the tested formulations, Span®60-Niosome significantly possessed the highest
entrapment efficiency (97.7-98.4%). For stability study by using heat-cool cycling method, the entrapment
efficiency of Span®60-Niosome and Tween®80-Niosome significantly decreased but their entrapment
percentage remained high (85-91%) whereas the entrapment efficiency of Span®80-Niosome significantly
increased (95.4-97.2%). The effect of dihexadecyl phosphate on its stability showed that the particle sizes of
Span®60-Niosome and Span®80-Niosome significantly increased and its percentage of entrapment
significantly reduced. Nevertheless, Tween®80-niosome with dihexadecyl phosphate showed that its particle
size was significantly decreased and the percentage of entrapment was significantly increased after keep in
heat-cool cycling. However, Tween®80-Niosome contained a lot of bubbles during formulation and it showed
phase separation after heat-cool cycling. Conclusion: Therefore, Span®60 was proper to be a non-ionic
surfactant to formulate the niosome formulation as a novel drug delivery system of KP extract.
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