Synergistic effect of hexane extract of Kaempferia parviflora on antibiotics against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Abstract
The extracts from rhizome of Kaempferia parviflora have been found to possess antimicrobial activities such as antifungal and antibacterial activities. The study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of the hexane extract and antibiotics against various methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity of hexane extract and antibiotics were assessed by agar dilution method. The combinations of hexane extract with antibiotics (penicillin and vancomycin) were assessed for antibacterial effect by checkerboard dilution method in 20 isolates of MRSA. The data were analyzed for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). Results: Our results showed that hexane extract inhibited 10 isolates of MRSA with MICs of 1,000 – 2,000 µg/ml. The MICs of penicillin against 20 isolates of MRSA ranged from 0.125 – >256 µg/ml, suggesting that all of isolates are resistant to penicillin. The MICs of vancomycin against 19 isolates of MRSA ranged from 0.25 – 2 µg/ml, indicating that most of the isolates are sensitive to vancomycin, except one isolate showing resistance to vancomycin (MRSA 5-333) with MIC of 4 µg/ml. The combinations of hexane extract with vancomycin showed synergistic effect against MRSA 4 isolates (FICI = 0.5) and no effect on 6 isolates of (FICI = 1). The combinations of hexane extract with penicillin showed synergistic effect to all MRSA isolates (FICI ≤ 0.5). Conclusion: Hexane extract of K. parviflora enhanced the activity of antibiotics against MRSA. The study provides a strategy in utilizing compounds from natural source in combination with modern antibiotic agents to enhance antibacterial activity in the treatment of MRSA infection.
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