Vaccination Coverage of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccine Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Srinagarind Hospital: A Retrospective Study
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable condition. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are major pathogens associated with acute exacerbations. Vaccination against pneumococcal disease and influenza reduces community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbations, hospitalization, and mortality. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted among patients with COPD attending the COPD clinic at Srinagarind Hospital between October 1, 2020 and September 30, 2024. Retrospective hospital data were analyzed alongside questionnaire-based data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics and vaccination coverage. Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was applied to assess associations, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 272 patients were included. Influenza vaccination coverage was 61.4% (n=167), while pneumococcal vaccination coverage was 15.8% (n=43). No significant associations were found between sex, age, or comorbidities and influenza vaccination (p > 0.05). Sex was significantly associated with pneumococcal vaccination (p = 0.010), with higher uptake among females. Limited access to services was the main barrier to influenza vaccination (48%), whereas lack of awareness of the need for vaccination was the primary reason for pneumococcal non-vaccination (71%). Conclusion: Vaccination coverage among patients with COPD remains suboptimal. These findings highlight gaps in healthcare access and patient awareness, underscoring the need for improvements in clinical practice and health policy to enhance vaccination uptake in this high-risk population.
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