Development of Nanoemulsion Containing Yang-Na Oleoresin for Topical Delivery
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Abstract
Introduction: Nanoemulsions are one of drug delivery systems, which can enhance transdermal permeation, especially via stratum corneum, and improve the stability of active compounds. This study aimed to formulate and characterize an oil in water (o/w) nanoemulsions containing Yang-na oleoresin using high enerny method, as well as evaluate physical stability of the formulations. Materials and methods: Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the nanoemulsion regions. The formulations contains 2% (w/w) of Yang-na oleoresin. The size, size distribution and zeta poetnetial of the nanoemulsions were determined using particle size analyzer and morphological shape of the preparations were visualized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of oleoresin and the formulations were investigated by the DPPH assay and Folin Ciocalteau method, respectively. Results: The optimized nanoemulsions consists of isopropryl myristate as oil phase, tween® 60 as surfactant, ethanol as co-surfactant (in a mixing ratio of 2:1) and water. The formulations in the presence of Yang-na oleoresin were clear with a spherical in shape and narrow distribution. The size ranged between 29-162 nm and zeta potential were between -9 to -24 mV. The pH values of the formulations were close to the physiological pH of the skin. Obtained results showed that the antioxidant activity of 2% Yang-na oleoresin was equivalent to 0.069 mM Trolox Equivalent (mM TE) from DPPH assay, and total phenolic compounds was 0.034 mg GAE/ml. Encapsulation efficiency (%) of the nanoemulsions was 77.57% - 90.26%. In addition, after 6 cycles of heating-cooling cycle stability testing, the nanoemulsions were clear and no phase separation was observed. Conclusions: Nanoemulsions containing Yang-na oleoresin revealed suitable stability and potential antioxidant properties. A strategy to combine nanoemulsions and Yang-na oleoresin described in the study would therefore be a valuable approach to develop a topical skin cosmetic in an industrial scale.
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