In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of Barleria lupulina Lindl. extract
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Abstract
Barleria lupulinal is a medicinal plant, according to traditional medicine recipes, with various properties. The aim of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity of Barleria lupulinal extracts. Methods: The aerial parts of Barleria lupulinal were extracted with water, ethanol and methanol, and then the total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used to assess the antioxidant activity. The cytotoxicity effect was evaluated on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells by MTT assay. In addition, the toxicity to human red blood cells was estimated by hemolytic activity assay. Results: The total phenolic contents of aqueous, ethanol and methanol extract of Barleria lupulina were 73.89 ± 0.50, 57.83 ± 3.13 and 83.64 ± 0.60 milligram gallic acid/gram extract, respectively. The aqueous extract of Barleria lupulina at concentrations of 31.25 -1,000 µg/mL displayed a DPPH scavenging capacity of 9.86% to 26.00% in a dose-dependent manner. The ethanolic extract of Barleria lupulina inhibited free radicals from 10.04% to 18.17%, while the methanolic extract showed antioxidant activity ranging from 5.29% to 23.31%. The result of cytotoxicity test of Barleria lupulinal extract showed non-toxicity or low toxicity on HaCaT and Vero cells. Moreover, the percentage of hemolysis ranged from 3.13% to 2.60% after treatment with aqueous extracts from 31.25 to 1,000 µg/mL. The methanolic extract displayed percentage hemolysis at 3.65% to 10.99%, and ethanolic extracts from 3.96% to 16.92%. The extracts exhibited non-toxicity at low concentrations and low toxicity when increasing to higher concentrations versus the positive control, 1% Triton X-100. Conclusion: The aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Barleria lupulinal had antioxidant activity in the DPPH scavenging assay and were non-toxic or had low toxicity to normal cell lines and human red blood cells.
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