Lyoprotectants for concentration and stability improvement of niosomes
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Abstract
Introduction: Niosomes are promising vehicle for delivery of cosmetic ingredients and usually used as dispersion in emulsions or gel bases prior to skin application. However, the main problem encountered when using niosomes as delivery system is the large amount of water in the formulation resulting in very low concentration of the actives and may not be sufficient to generate efficiency to skin. In this study, appropriated lyoprotectants for enhancing the concentration and improving the stability of niosomes were investigated. Materials and methods: Blank and soybean extract (0.5 %w/v) loaded niosomes were prepared by film hydration method, followed by particle size reduction by high pressure homogenization. The obtained niosomes were subsequently lyophilized to obtain dry product. The investigated factors include weight ratios of lyoprotectant to total lipid content, total lipid concentrations, types of lyoprotectant, and types of non-ionic surfactants. Results: The results showed that lyophilization of niosomes with glucose, mannitol, glycerol, and trehaloise at a weight ratio of 1:3, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:5 were well dispersed with uniformed in their particle sizes after rehydration. Niosomes were also concentrated up to 10X using trehalose, glycerol, and glucose while lower concentration factor was observed! when using mannitol (2X). In contrast, lyophilization of niosomes without lyoprotectant significantly increased particle sizes of all formulations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Using lyophiliztion with an appropriated lyoprotectant has potential for enhancing the concentration and improving the stability of niosomes.
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